3.2.1.4 - Particle Interactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are used to measure force?

A

Newtonmeters and force sensors.

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2
Q

When happens when a single force acts on an object?

A

It changes the momentum of the object.

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3
Q

What is electromagnetic repulsion between?

A

Two of the same particles.

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4
Q

What is electromagnetic repulsion due to?

A

Virtual photons.

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5
Q

What does the weak interaction cause a neutron to do|?

A

Change into a proton in beta decay.

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6
Q

What is the equation for beta- decay?

A

neutron -> proton + electron + electron anti-neutrino.

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7
Q

What happens during beta+ decay?

A

Proton changes into a neutron.

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8
Q

What is the equation for beta+ decay?

A

proton -> neutron + positron + electron neutrino

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9
Q

Differences between W bosons and photons?

A
  • W bosons have a rest mass of not 0. Therefore they have mass unlike photons.
  • W bosons carry a charge. The photon is uncharged.
  • W bosons have a very short range, 0.001fm.
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10
Q

What does the W- boson do?

A

Decays into a beta- and an antineutrino.

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11
Q

What does the W+ boson do?

A

Decays into a beta+ and a neutrino.

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12
Q

What else gives rise to beta decay?

A

Interactions with neutrinos and antineutrinos.

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13
Q

What is the equation for the interaction between W+ bosons?

A

proton + antineutrino -> neutron + positron

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14
Q

What is the equation for the interaction between W- bosons?

A

neutron + neutrino -> proton + electron

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15
Q

What is electron capture?

A

When a proton turns into a neutron through the interaction with an inner shell electron.

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16
Q

What is electron capture mediated by?

A

The weak interaction.

17
Q

What is the equation for electron capture?

A

proton + electron -> neutron + neutrino (W+)

18
Q

What is an electron-proton collision mediated by?

A

W+

19
Q

What are photons and W bosons and why?

A

Force carriers because they are exchanged when the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force act respectively.

20
Q

What are gauge bosons?

A

Virtual particles which only exist for a very short time.

21
Q

1ev =

A

1.6 x 10^-19J

22
Q

What causes extra particles to be created when two particles collide?

A

Energy and mass are equivalent. When two particles collide, there is a lot of energy at the point of impact. This energy is converted to mass.