(3.2.1.1) eukaryotic cells Flashcards
what is the structure and function of a cell-surface membrane?
cell-surface membranes control exchange between the cell and it’s environment.
- selectively permeable with a phospholipid bilayer with many transport proteins embedded in it and receptors for cell recognition.
what is the structure and function of the nucleus?
the site of DNA replication and transcription; contains the genetic code used to make proteins
- nucleoplasm contains contains chromatin, which condenses to from chromosomes with histones
- nuclear envelope double membrane which contains pores to allow mRNA to leave and nucleotides to enter
- nucleolus for ribosome and rRNA synthesis.
what is the structure and function of mitochondria?
the site of aerobic respiration, using oxygen to make ATP
- double membrane with inner membrane folded to create cristae that has large surface area for ATP synthesis
- matrix contains circular DNA and 70S ribosomes used to make proteins
what is the structure and function of the chloroplast?
plant and algal cells only!
site of photosynthesis
- double membrane with inner membrane folded into thylakoids that stack into grana.
- stroma contains circular DNA and 70s ribosomes used to make proteins
- can contain starch grains
what is the structure and function of the ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis and translation
- made up of only rRNA and protein (no membranes)
what is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
site of protein synthesis and transportation via cisternae found throughout the cell
covered in ribosomes
what is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
site of lipid and steroid synthesis via cisternae found throughout the cell
no ribosomes!
what is the structure and function of the golgi apparatus?
modifies proteins to form glycoproteins and packages proteins into vesicles which bud off to be transported
- can also form lysosomes if vesicles contain hydrolytic enzymes
