3.2: The factors affecting attraction - Self-disclosure Flashcards
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks)
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973)
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
What does this involve?
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time,
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase,
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops,
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point,
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988)
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
What does this do?
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
First AO3 PEEL paragraph
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
Example
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
Who is this further supported by?
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often.
What does this suggest?
This suggests that self-disclosure is a valid factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often.
This suggests that self-disclosure is a valid factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships.
Second AO3 PEEL paragraph
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, self-disclosure has limited validity, as it only applies to heterosexual couples or Western society, because it has not been been derived from same-sex relationships or across cultures
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often.
This suggests that self-disclosure is a valid factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, self-disclosure has limited validity, as it only applies to heterosexual couples or Western society, because it has not been been derived from same-sex relationships or across cultures.
The prediction
The prediction that self-disclosure leads to a more satisfying and intimate relationship is not always true across all cultures, as it depends on the type of self-disclosure being shared
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often.
This suggests that self-disclosure is a valid factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, self-disclosure has limited validity, as it only applies to heterosexual couples or Western society, because it has not been been derived from same-sex relationships or across cultures.
The prediction that self-disclosure leads to a more satisfying and intimate relationship is not always true across all cultures, as it depends on the type of self-disclosure being shared.
Example
For example, Tang et al. (2013) found sexual self-disclosure within relationships was more open in western cultures (USA), than it was in collectivist cultures, such as China
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often.
This suggests that self-disclosure is a valid factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, self-disclosure has limited validity, as it only applies to heterosexual couples or Western society, because it has not been been derived from same-sex relationships or across cultures.
The prediction that self-disclosure leads to a more satisfying and intimate relationship is not always true across all cultures, as it depends on the type of self-disclosure being shared.
For example, Tang et al. (2013) found sexual self-disclosure within relationships was more open in western cultures (USA), than it was in collectivist cultures, such as China.
Cultural norms shape patterns of self-disclosure and more intimate disclosures leading to more satisfied relationships may only be limited to Western relationships because of this
Describe and evaluate self-disclosure as a factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships (16 marks).
Self-disclosure is revealing personal information about yourself, including intimate thoughts, feelings and experiences, to another person.
Altman and Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain how relationships develop through self-disclosure.
Greater disclosure between individuals leads to a greater sense of intimacy and the development of romantic feelings, as people tend to prefer those that disclose intimate details, compared to those that do not.
This involves the reciprocal exchange of information between intimate partners with one partner displaying trust by revealing intimate details about themselves and this leads to the other then doing the same.
Over time, as this exchange occurs, romantic partners then ‘penetrate’ into each other’s lives to gain a greater understanding of one another.
Altman and Taylor believed self-disclosure to have two elements, breadth and depth.
As both of these increase, partners become more committed to one another.
Altman and Taylor refer to this process having many layers, with us disclosing lots of information about ourselves at the start, but this being mostly superficial and low-risk information that we would normally reveal to those around our social circle.
The breadth of topics we discuss is narrow at this point, because revealing too much at this point could threaten the relationship, as the other person feels put off before the relationship has any chance to establish itself.
Moderate levels of self-disclosure in the early stages are seen as most effective, as Derlaga et al. (1979) suggest that the listener should know them better without the information being too personal.
As the relationship develops, self-disclosure becomes deeper, progressing through the many layers to reveal our true inner selves, allowing individuals to talk about a wider range of topics of greater meaning to each.
At this point, people are able to reveal intimate high-risk information, memories and experiences, as well as secrets and strongly held beliefs.
Reis and Shaver (1988) believed reciprocity in self-disclosure as key for the relationship to increase in breadth and depth.
Once an individual discloses something personal, it can be rewarding, as the partner responds with understanding and empathy.
This creates a balance in self-disclosure, which increases feelings of intimacy and depth within the relationship.
The first AO3 PEEL paragraph is that there is research support for self-disclosure.
For example, Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) studied heterosexual dating couples and found strong correlations between several measures of satisfaction and self-disclosure, both theirs and their partner’s.
Men and women who used self-disclosure and those who believed their partners did likewise were more satisfied with and committed to their romantic relationship.
This is further supported by Laurenceau et al. (2005), who found that the reverse was also true with less intimate couples self-disclosing less often.
This suggests that self-disclosure is a valid factor affecting attraction in romantic relationships.
The second AO3 PEEL paragraph is that However, self-disclosure has limited validity, as it only applies to heterosexual couples or Western society, because it has not been been derived from same-sex relationships or across cultures.
The prediction that self-disclosure leads to a more satisfying and intimate relationship is not always true across all cultures, as it depends on the type of self-disclosure being shared.
For example, Tang et al. (2013) found sexual self-disclosure within relationships was more open in western cultures (USA), than it was in collectivist cultures, such as China.
Cultural norms shape patterns of self-disclosure and more intimate disclosures leading to more satisfied relationships may only be limited to Western relationships because of this.
Who is this further supported by?
This is further supported by Nakanishi (1986), who found that Japanese women preferred a lower level of conversation than Japanese men, which is the opposite of self-disclosure patterns in Western society
