3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles Flashcards
Cytosol
the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions
the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions
Cytosol
Organelle (“little organ”)
one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell, each performing a unique function
one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell, each performing a unique function
Organelle (“little organ”)
Cytoplasm
the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell
Cytoplasm
Prototypical Human Cell Reference
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)
cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Reference
Ribosome
an organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis
an organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office
responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus Reference
Lysosome
membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes
membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes
Lysosome
Autophagy (“self-eating”)
lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components
lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components
Autophagy (“self-eating”)
Autolysis
breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action
breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action
Autolysis
Mitochondria
a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell
a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell
Mitochondria
Mitochondria Reference
Peroxisomes
a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes
a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes
Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes Reference
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage
a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Mutation
a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA, potentially altering the protein coded by that gene
a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA, potentially altering the protein coded by that gene
Mutation
Cytoskeleton
“skeleton” of a cell; formed by rod-like proteins that support the cell’s shape and provide, among other functions, locomotive abilities
“skeleton” of a cell; formed by rod-like proteins that support the cell’s shape and provide, among other functions, locomotive abilities
Cytoskeleton
microtubule
the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support
the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support
microtubule
Cilia
found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system
found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system
Cilia
Flagellum
appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement
appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement
Flagellum
The Three Components of the Cytoskeleton Reference
Centriole
small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division
small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division
Centriole
Microfilament
a thinner type of cytoskeletal filament
a thinner type of cytoskeletal filament
Microfilament
Intermediate Filament
a filament intermediate in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments
a filament intermediate in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments
Intermediate Filament
