3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions

Question 2

the jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

Organelle (“little organ”)

Answer 3

one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell, each performing a unique function

Question 4

one of several different types of membrane-enclosed bodies in the cell, each performing a unique function

Answer 4

Organelle (“little organ”)

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 6

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

Prototypical Human Cell Reference

Answer 7

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 8

cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)

Question 9

cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)

Answer 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Reference

Answer 10

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

an organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis

Question 12

an organelle that serves as the site of protein synthesis

Answer 12

Ribosome

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office

Question 14

responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office

Answer 14

Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

Golgi Apparatus Reference

Answer 15

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes

Question 17

membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes

Answer 17

Lysosome

Question 18

Autophagy (“self-eating”)

Answer 18

lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components

Question 19

lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components

Answer 19

Autophagy (“self-eating”)

Question 20

Autolysis

Answer 20

breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action

Question 21

breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action

Answer 21

Autolysis

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell

Question 23

a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the “energy transformer” of the cell

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

Mitochondria Reference

Answer 24

Question 25

Peroxisomes

Answer 25

a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes

Question 26

a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes

Answer 26

Peroxisomes

Question 27

Peroxisomes Reference

Answer 27

Question 28

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Answer 28

a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage

Question 29

a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular damage

Answer 29

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Question 30

Mutation

Answer 30

a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA, potentially altering the protein coded by that gene

Question 31

a change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell’s DNA, potentially altering the protein coded by that gene

Answer 31

Mutation

Question 32

Cytoskeleton

Answer 32

“skeleton” of a cell; formed by rod-like proteins that support the cell’s shape and provide, among other functions, locomotive abilities

Question 33

“skeleton” of a cell; formed by rod-like proteins that support the cell’s shape and provide, among other functions, locomotive abilities

Answer 33

Cytoskeleton

Question 34

microtubule

Answer 34

the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support

Question 35

the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support

Answer 35

microtubule

Question 36

Cilia

Answer 36

found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system

Question 37

found on many cells of the body, including the epithelial cells that line the airways of the respiratory system

Answer 37

Cilia

Question 38

Flagellum

Answer 38

appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement

Question 39

appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement

Answer 39

Flagellum

Question 40

The Three Components of the Cytoskeleton Reference

Answer 40

Question 41

Centriole

Answer 41

small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division

Question 42

small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division

Answer 42

Centriole

Question 43

Microfilament

Answer 43

a thinner type of cytoskeletal filament

Question 44

a thinner type of cytoskeletal filament

Answer 44

Microfilament

Question 45

Intermediate Filament

Answer 45

a filament intermediate in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments

Question 46

a filament intermediate in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments

Answer 46

Intermediate Filament