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UNE - Anatomy & Physiology I > 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning > Flashcards

2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Compound

A

a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen

A

Organic Compound

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3
Q

functional group

A

a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit

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4
Q

a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit

A

functional group

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5
Q

Macromolecule

A

referred to as any large molecule

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6
Q

referred to as any large molecule

A

Macromolecule

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7
Q

Four Types of Organic Molecules Essential to Human Functioning

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

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8
Q

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

A

Four Types of Organic Molecules Essential to Human Functioning

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9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

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10
Q

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Carbohydrates - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

composed of a ribose sugar, an adenine base, and three phosphate groups

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12
Q

composed of a ribose sugar, an adenine base, and three phosphate groups

A

Carbohydrates - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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13
Q

Monomers

A

single units that make up polymers

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14
Q

single units that make up polymers

A

Monomers

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15
Q

Polymers

A

made up of monomers link by covalent bonds

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16
Q

made up of monomers link by covalent bonds

A

Polymers

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17
Q

Polysaccharides

A

contain a few to a thousand or more monosaccharides

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18
Q

contain a few to a thousand or more monosaccharides

A

Polysaccharides

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19
Q

Monosaccharides

A

a monomer of carbohydrates

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20
Q

a monomer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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21
Q

Monosaccharides - Hexose Sugars

A

glucose, fructose, and galactose, each contain six atoms of carbon

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22
Q

glucose, fructose, and galactose, each contain six atoms of carbon

A

Monosaccharides - Hexose Sugars

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23
Q

Monosaccharides - Pentose Sugars

A

ribose and deoxyribose, each contain five atoms of carbon

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24
Q

ribose and deoxyribose, each contain five atoms of carbon

A

Monosaccharides - Pentose Sugars

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25
Q

Disaccharides

A

a pair of monosaccharides

26
Q

a pair of monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

27
Q

Disaccharides - Sucrose

A

table sugar

28
Q

table sugar

A

Disaccharides - Sucrose

29
Q

Disaccharides - Lactose

A

milk sugar

30
Q

milk sugar

A

Disaccharides - Lactose

31
Q

Disaccharides - Maltose

A

malt sugar

32
Q

malt sugar

A

Disaccharides - Maltose

33
Q

Disaccharides Reference

A
34
Q

Polysaccharides - Starches

A

polymers of glucose stored in plant-based foods and are relatively easy to digest

35
Q

polymers of glucose stored in plant-based foods and are relatively easy to digest

A

Polysaccharides - Starches

36
Q

Polysaccharides - Glycogen

A

a polymer of glucose stored in the tissues of animals, especially in the muscles and liver

37
Q

a polymer of glucose stored in the tissues of animals, especially in the muscles and liver

A

Polysaccharides - Glycogen

38
Q

Polysaccharides - Cellulose

A

the primary component of the cell wall of green plants referred to as “fiber”, cellulose/fiber is not digestible

39
Q

the primary component of the cell wall of green plants referred to as “fiber”, cellulose/fiber is not digestible

A

Polysaccharides - Cellulose

40
Q

Polysaccharides Reference

A
41
Q

Lipids

A

class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

42
Q

class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

A

Lipids

43
Q

Triglycerides

A

lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

44
Q

lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

A

Triglycerides

45
Q

Triglycerides Reference

A
46
Q

Phospholipids

A

a bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and a phosphorous molecule

47
Q

a bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and a phosphorous molecule

A

Phospholipids

48
Q

Steroids (sterol)

A

lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules

49
Q

lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules

A

Steroids (sterol)

50
Q

Phospholipids & Steroids Reference

A
51
Q

Prostaglandins

A

lipid compound derived from fatty acid chains and important in regulating several body processes

52
Q

lipid compound derived from fatty acid chains and important in regulating several body processes

A

Prostaglandins

53
Q

Proteins

A

an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

54
Q

an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

A

Proteins

55
Q

Amino Acid

A

is a molecule composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group, together with a variable side chain

56
Q

is a molecule composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group, together with a variable side chain

A

Amino Acid

57
Q

Amino Acid Reference

A
58
Q

Peptide Bond

A

covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids

59
Q

covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids

A

Peptide Bond

60
Q

Peptide Bond Reference

A

UNE - Anatomy & Physiology I (11 decks)

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