2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning

Question 1

Organic Compound

Answer 1

a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen

Answer 2

Organic Compound

Question 3

functional group

Answer 3

a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit

Question 4

a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit

Answer 4

functional group

Question 5

Macromolecule

Answer 5

referred to as any large molecule

Question 6

referred to as any large molecule

Answer 6

Macromolecule

Question 7

Four Types of Organic Molecules Essential to Human Functioning

Answer 7

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 8

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Answer 8

Four Types of Organic Molecules Essential to Human Functioning

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

Question 10

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Carbohydrates - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 11

composed of a ribose sugar, an adenine base, and three phosphate groups

Question 12

composed of a ribose sugar, an adenine base, and three phosphate groups

Answer 12

Carbohydrates - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

Monomers

Answer 13

single units that make up polymers

Question 14

single units that make up polymers

Answer 14

Monomers

Question 15

Polymers

Answer 15

made up of monomers link by covalent bonds

Question 16

made up of monomers link by covalent bonds

Answer 16

Polymers

Question 17

Polysaccharides

Answer 17

contain a few to a thousand or more monosaccharides

Question 18

contain a few to a thousand or more monosaccharides

Answer 18

Polysaccharides

Question 19

Monosaccharides

Answer 19

a monomer of carbohydrates

Question 20

a monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 20

Monosaccharides

Question 21

Monosaccharides - Hexose Sugars

Answer 21

glucose, fructose, and galactose, each contain six atoms of carbon

Question 22

glucose, fructose, and galactose, each contain six atoms of carbon

Answer 22

Monosaccharides - Hexose Sugars

Question 23

Monosaccharides - Pentose Sugars

Answer 23

ribose and deoxyribose, each contain five atoms of carbon

Question 24

ribose and deoxyribose, each contain five atoms of carbon

Answer 24

Monosaccharides - Pentose Sugars

Question 25

Disaccharides

Answer 25

a pair of monosaccharides

Question 26

a pair of monosaccharides

Answer 26

Disaccharides

Question 27

Disaccharides - Sucrose

Answer 27

table sugar

Question 28

table sugar

Answer 28

Disaccharides - Sucrose

Question 29

Disaccharides - Lactose

Answer 29

milk sugar

Question 30

milk sugar

Answer 30

Disaccharides - Lactose

Question 31

Disaccharides - Maltose

Answer 31

malt sugar

Question 32

malt sugar

Answer 32

Disaccharides - Maltose

Question 33

Disaccharides Reference

Answer 33

Question 34

Polysaccharides - Starches

Answer 34

polymers of glucose stored in plant-based foods and are relatively easy to digest

Question 35

polymers of glucose stored in plant-based foods and are relatively easy to digest

Answer 35

Polysaccharides - Starches

Question 36

Polysaccharides - Glycogen

Answer 36

a polymer of glucose stored in the tissues of animals, especially in the muscles and liver

Question 37

a polymer of glucose stored in the tissues of animals, especially in the muscles and liver

Answer 37

Polysaccharides - Glycogen

Question 38

Polysaccharides - Cellulose

Answer 38

the primary component of the cell wall of green plants referred to as “fiber”, cellulose/fiber is not digestible

Question 39

the primary component of the cell wall of green plants referred to as “fiber”, cellulose/fiber is not digestible

Answer 39

Polysaccharides - Cellulose

Question 40

Polysaccharides Reference

Answer 40

Question 41

Lipids

Answer 41

class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

Question 42

class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

Answer 42

Lipids

Question 43

Triglycerides

Answer 43

lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

Question 44

lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

Answer 44

Triglycerides

Question 45

Triglycerides Reference

Answer 45

Question 46

Phospholipids

Answer 46

a bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and a phosphorous molecule

Question 47

a bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and a phosphorous molecule

Answer 47

Phospholipids

Question 48

Steroids (sterol)

Answer 48

lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules

Question 49

lipid compound composed of four hydrocarbon rings bonded to a variety of other atoms and molecules

Answer 49

Steroids (sterol)

Question 50

Phospholipids & Steroids Reference

Answer 50

Question 51

Prostaglandins

Answer 51

lipid compound derived from fatty acid chains and important in regulating several body processes

Question 52

lipid compound derived from fatty acid chains and important in regulating several body processes

Answer 52

Prostaglandins

Question 53

Proteins

Answer 53

an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 54

an organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 54

Proteins

Question 55

Amino Acid

Answer 55

is a molecule composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group, together with a variable side chain

Question 56

is a molecule composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group, together with a variable side chain

Answer 56

Amino Acid

Question 57

Amino Acid Reference

Answer 57

Question 58

Peptide Bond

Answer 58

covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids

Question 59

covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids

Answer 59

Peptide Bond

Question 60

Peptide Bond Reference

Answer 60