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UNE - Anatomy & Physiology I > 3.1 The Cell Membrane > Flashcards

3.1 The Cell Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Membrane

A

an extremely pliable structure composed primarily of back-to-back phospholipids (a “bilayer”)

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2
Q

an extremely pliable structure composed primarily of back-to-back phospholipids (a “bilayer”)

A

Cell Membrane

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3
Q

Hydrophilic Molecule

A

is attracted to water

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4
Q

is attracted to water

A

Hydrophilic Molecule

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5
Q

Hydrophobic Molecule

A

repelled by water

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6
Q

repelled by water

A

Hydrophobic Molecule

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7
Q

Amphipathic Molecule

A

contains both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic region

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8
Q

contains both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic region

A

Amphipathic Molecule

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9
Q

Phospholipid Structure Reference

A
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10
Q

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

A

the fluid interior of the cell

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11
Q

the fluid interior of the cell

A

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

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12
Q

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

A

the fluid environment outside the enclosure of the cell membrane

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13
Q

the fluid environment outside the enclosure of the cell membrane

A

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

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14
Q

Interstitial Fluid(IF)

A

the term given to extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels

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15
Q

the term given to extracellular fluid not contained within blood vessels

A

Interstitial Fluid(IF)

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16
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer Reference

A
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17
Q

Integral Protein

A

a protein that is embedded in the membrane

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18
Q

a protein that is embedded in the membrane

A

Integral Protein

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19
Q

Channel Protein

A

is an example of an integral protein that selectively allows particular materials, such as certain ions, to pass into or out of the cell

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20
Q

is an example of an integral protein that selectively allows particular materials, such as certain ions, to pass into or out of the cell

A

Channel Protein

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21
Q

Cell Membrane Reference

A
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22
Q

Receptor

A

protein molecule that contains a binding site for another specific molecule (called a ligand)

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23
Q

protein molecule that contains a binding site for another specific molecule (called a ligand)

A

Receptor

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24
Q

Ligand

A

molecule that binds with specificity to a specific receptor molecule

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25
molecule that binds with specificity to a specific receptor molecule
Ligand
26
Glycoprotein
protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached
27
protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached
Glycoprotein
28
Glycocalyx
coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane
29
coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane
Glycocalyx
30
Peripheral Proteins
membrane-associated protein that does not span the width of the lipid bilayer, but is attached peripherally to integral proteins, membrane lipids, or other components of the membrane
31
membrane-associated protein that does not span the width of the lipid bilayer, but is attached peripherally to integral proteins, membrane lipids, or other components of the membrane
Peripheral Proteins
32
Selective Permeability
feature of any barrier that allows certain substances to cross but excludes others
33
feature of any barrier that allows certain substances to cross but excludes others
Selective Permeability
34
Passive Transport
the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy
35
is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy
Passive Transport
36
Active Transport
the movement of substances across the membrane using energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
37
the movement of substances across the membrane using energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Active Transport
38
Concentration Gradient
difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions
39
difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions
Concentration Gradient
40
Diffusion
movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
41
movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
Diffusion
42
Simple Diffusion
molecules moving across a cell membrane from the side where they are more concentrated to the side where they are less concentrated
43
molecules moving across a cell membrane from the side where they are more concentrated to the side where they are less concentrated
Simple Diffusion
44
Simple Diffusion Reference
45
Facilitated Diffusion
the diffusion process used for those substances that cannot cross the lipid bilayer due to their size, charge, and/or polarity
46
the diffusion process used for those substances that cannot cross the lipid bilayer due to their size, charge, and/or polarity
Facilitated Diffusion
47
Facilitated Diffusion Reference
48
Osmosis
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
49
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
50
Osmosis Reference
51
Isotonic (equal tension)
two solutions that have the same concentration of solutes
52
two solutions that have the same concentration of solutes
Isotonic (equal tension)
53
Hypertonic
a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution
54
a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution
Hypertonic
55
Hypotonic
a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution
56
a solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution
Hypotonic
57
Concentration of Solutions Reference
58
Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+/K+ ATPase)
transports sodium out of a cell while moving potassium into the cell
59
transports sodium out of a cell while moving potassium into the cell
Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+/K+ ATPase)
60
Electrical Gradient
a difference in electrical charge across a space
61
a difference in electrical charge across a space
Electrical Gradient
62
Sodium-Potassium Pump Reference
63
Endocytosis (bringing into the cell)
import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle
64
import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle
Endocytosis (bringing into the cell)
65
Vesicle
membrane-bound structure that contains materials within or outside of the cell
66
membrane-bound structure that contains materials within or outside of the cell
Vesicle
67
Phagocytosis (“cell eating”)
the endocytosis of large particles
68
the endocytosis of large particles
Phagocytosis (“cell eating”)
69
Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”)
brings fluid containing dissolved substances into a cell through membrane vesicles (endocytosis of fluid)
70
brings fluid containing dissolved substances into a cell through membrane vesicles (endocytosis of fluid)
Pinocytosis (“cell drinking”)
71
Three Forms of Endocytosis Reference
72
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
is endocytosis by a portion of the cell membrane that contains many receptors that are specific for a certain substance
73
is endocytosis by a portion of the cell membrane that contains many receptors that are specific for a certain substance
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
74
Exocytosis (taking out of the cell)
is the process of a cell exporting material using vesicular transport
75
is the process of a cell exporting material using vesicular transport
Exocytosis (taking out of the cell)
76
Exocytosis Reference

UNE - Anatomy & Physiology I (11 decks)

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