2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning 2

Question 1

Shape of Proteins

Answer 1

protein’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids of which it is made

Question 2

protein’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids of which it is made

Answer 2

Shape of Proteins

Question 3

Shape of Proteins - Secondary Structure

Answer 3

bonding occurs between amino acids with different properties at different regions of the polypeptide, a spiral called an alpha-helix

Question 4

bonding occurs between amino acids with different properties at different regions of the polypeptide, a spiral called an alpha-helix

Answer 4

Shape of Proteins - Secondary Structure

Question 5

Shape of Proteins - Tertiary Structure

Answer 5

proteins further folds into a compact three-dimensional shape

Question 6

proteins further folds into a compact three-dimensional shape

Answer 6

Shape of Proteins - Tertiary Structure

Question 7

Shape of Proteins - Quaternary Structure

Answer 7

two or more separate polypeptides bond to form an even larger protein

Question 8

two or more separate polypeptides bond to form an even larger protein

Answer 8

Shape of Proteins - Quaternary Structure

Question 9

Shape of Proteins Reference

Answer 9

Question 10

Disulfide Bond

Answer 10

a covalent bond between sulfur atoms in a polypeptide

Question 11

a covalent bond between sulfur atoms in a polypeptide

Answer 11

Disulfide Bond

Question 12

Denaturation

Answer 12

a change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means

Question 13

a change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means

Answer 13

Denaturation

Question 14

Enzymatic Reaction

Answer 14

chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes, begin when substrates bind to the enzyme

Question 15

chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes, begin when substrates bind to the enzyme

Answer 15

Enzymatic Reaction

Question 16

Proteins Function as - Enzymes

Answer 16

enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional without it

Question 17

enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional without it

Answer 17

Proteins Function as - Enzymes

Question 18

Substrate

Answer 18

a reactant in an enzymatic reaction

Question 19

a reactant in an enzymatic reaction

Answer 19

Substrate

Question 20

Enzymatic Reaction Reference

Answer 20

Question 21

Functions of Proteins

Answer 21

contribute to all body tissues, from the skin to the brain cells, act as hormones (chemical messengers that help regulate body functions), basic and acidic components enable proteins to function as buffers in maintaining acid–base balance, regulate fluid–electrolyte balance, transport electrolytes in and out of the cell, keeping these ions in a healthy balance, & can bind with carbohydrates to produce glycoproteins or proteoglycans

Question 22

Nucleotides (class of organic compound) three subunits

Answer 22

one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), & a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil)

Question 23

one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), & a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil)

Answer 23

Nucleotides (class of organic compound) three subunits

Question 24

Nucleotides can be Assembled into:

Answer 24

nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), or the energy compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 25

nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), or the energy compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 25

Nucleotides can be Assembled into:

Question 26

Nucleotides Reference

Answer 26

Question 27

Nucleic Acids

Answer 27

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 28

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Answer 28

Nucleic Acids

Question 29

Nucleic Acids - Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 29

deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

Question 30

deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

Answer 30

Nucleic Acids - Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 31

Nucleic Acids - Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Answer 31

a ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein

Question 32

a ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein

Answer 32

Nucleic Acids - Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 33

Purine

Answer 33

nitrogen-containing base with a double ring structure (adenine and guanine)

Question 34

nitrogen-containing base with a double ring structure (adenine and guanine)

Answer 34

Purine

Question 35

Pyrimidine

Answer 35

nitrogen-containing base with a single ring structure (cytosine, thiamine, and uracil)

Question 36

nitrogen-containing base with a single ring structure (cytosine, thiamine, and uracil)

Answer 36

Pyrimidine

Question 37

DNA Reference

Answer 37

Question 38

Nucleotide Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 38

nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

Question 39

nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

Answer 39

Nucleotide Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 40

Nucleotide Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Reference

Answer 40

Question 41

Phosphorylation

Answer 41

addition of one or more phosphate groups to an organic compound

Question 42

addition of one or more phosphate groups to an organic compound

Answer 42

Phosphorylation