2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning 2 Flashcards
Shape of Proteins
protein’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids of which it is made
protein’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids of which it is made
Shape of Proteins
Shape of Proteins - Secondary Structure
bonding occurs between amino acids with different properties at different regions of the polypeptide, a spiral called an alpha-helix
bonding occurs between amino acids with different properties at different regions of the polypeptide, a spiral called an alpha-helix
Shape of Proteins - Secondary Structure
Shape of Proteins - Tertiary Structure
proteins further folds into a compact three-dimensional shape
proteins further folds into a compact three-dimensional shape
Shape of Proteins - Tertiary Structure
Shape of Proteins - Quaternary Structure
two or more separate polypeptides bond to form an even larger protein
two or more separate polypeptides bond to form an even larger protein
Shape of Proteins - Quaternary Structure
Shape of Proteins Reference
Disulfide Bond
a covalent bond between sulfur atoms in a polypeptide
a covalent bond between sulfur atoms in a polypeptide
Disulfide Bond
Denaturation
a change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means
a change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means
Denaturation
Enzymatic Reaction
chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes, begin when substrates bind to the enzyme
chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes, begin when substrates bind to the enzyme
Enzymatic Reaction
Proteins Function as - Enzymes
enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional without it
enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional without it
Proteins Function as - Enzymes
Substrate
a reactant in an enzymatic reaction
a reactant in an enzymatic reaction
Substrate
Enzymatic Reaction Reference
Functions of Proteins
contribute to all body tissues, from the skin to the brain cells, act as hormones (chemical messengers that help regulate body functions), basic and acidic components enable proteins to function as buffers in maintaining acid–base balance, regulate fluid–electrolyte balance, transport electrolytes in and out of the cell, keeping these ions in a healthy balance, & can bind with carbohydrates to produce glycoproteins or proteoglycans
Nucleotides (class of organic compound) three subunits
one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), & a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil)
one or more phosphate groups, a pentose sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), & a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, or uracil)
Nucleotides (class of organic compound) three subunits
Nucleotides can be Assembled into:
nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), or the energy compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), or the energy compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Nucleotides can be Assembled into:
Nucleotides Reference
Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) & Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids - Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information
deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information
Nucleic Acids - Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Nucleic Acids - Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
a ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein
a ribose-containing nucleotide that helps manifest the genetic code as protein
Nucleic Acids - Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Purine
nitrogen-containing base with a double ring structure (adenine and guanine)
nitrogen-containing base with a double ring structure (adenine and guanine)
Purine
Pyrimidine
nitrogen-containing base with a single ring structure (cytosine, thiamine, and uracil)
nitrogen-containing base with a single ring structure (cytosine, thiamine, and uracil)
Pyrimidine
DNA Reference
Nucleotide Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer
nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer
Nucleotide Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Nucleotide Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Reference
Phosphorylation
addition of one or more phosphate groups to an organic compound
addition of one or more phosphate groups to an organic compound
Phosphorylation
