3.2 - Economic change Flashcards
Define a push factor.
A push factor is a factor that pushes people away from a certain location.
Define a pull factor.
A pull factor is a factor that draws people into moving into a certain area
Define national migration.
National migration is when people move to a city in the same country.
Define international migration.
International migration is when people move from one country to a city in another country.
Define rural-urban migration.
Rural-urban migration is the migration of people from the countryside into the cities.
Give a few examples of push factors.
- shortage of jobs or low wages
- poor standard of living
- poor healthcare or education
- war or conflict
- poor environment
Give a few example of pull factors.
- more employment opportunities and higher wages
- better standard of living
- better healthcare or education
- cleaner environment
- safer place to live
Why are developing countries growing?
- national migration occurs into cities
- large job opportunities
- foreign companies get attracted and increase money going into the government
Why are emerging cities growing?
- lots of manufacturing jobs become available
- rapidly expanding service sector
- foreign investment gets attracted
Why do developed countries have stable populations?
•Regeneration and de-industrialisation help balance the number of people leaving and joining an area
Why are developed populations declining?
- The decline of industrial areas pushes people away from an area.
- Low skilled workers are attracted to successful cities which means that the cities which they leave decline
Define formal employment.
Formal employment is officially recognised, workers are protected by laws. There are rules about how many hours people can work , the age of the workers and health and safety. Workers pay tax to the government out of the wages they earn.
Define informal employment.
Informal employment is unofficial- jobs aren’t taxed or regulated by the government. People often work long hours in dangerous conditions for little pay.
Define the primary sector.
The primary sector involves collecting raw materials.
Define the secondary sector.
The secondary sector involves turning a product into another product (manufacturing).
Define the tertiary sector.
The tertiary sector involves providing a service to the population.
Define the quaternary sector.
The quaternary sector is the information economy, it involves research and development where scientists and researchers investigate to develop new and better products.
