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3.1 Biological Molecules (A Level Biology) > 3.1.6 ATP > Flashcards

3.1.6 ATP Flashcards

1
Q

ATP is formed from one molecule of…one molecule of…and 3 …

A

Ribose
Adenine
phosphate groups

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2
Q

In ATP the nitrogenous base is always…

A

Adenine

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3
Q

ATP stands for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

(Adenosine refers to the adenine and ribose sugar and triphosphate refers to the 3 phosphate groups)

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4
Q

In ATP the pentose sugar is…

A

Ribose

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5
Q

The enzyme…catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP into…

A

ATP hydrolase
ADP

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6
Q

ADP contains..
Phosphate groups

A

2
(It’s full name is Adenosine diphosphate as ‘di’ means 2)

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7
Q

ATP and one water molecule undergo a…reaction which is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase to form ADP and one phosphate group

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

5 key processes that require ATP

A

Phosphorylation (the inorganic phosphate group released during the hydrolysis of ATP can make other molecules more reactive/ activate them)
Active transport (ATP moves substances across a membrane against the concentration gradient)
Anabolism (synthesis of complex molecules e.g protein synthesis)
Muscle contraction
Secretion (of substances from cells)

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9
Q

…is a process that requires ATP where the inorganic phosphate group released from the hydrolysis of ATP can make molecules more reactive/ activate them

A

Phosphorylation

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10
Q

During aerobic respiration, oxygen reacts with glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and…(not energy as taught in GCSE)

A

ATP

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11
Q

Aerobic respiration can produce up to…molecules of ATP

A

38

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12
Q

Anaerobic respiration can produce up to…molecules of ATP

A

2

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13
Q

ATP can be resynthesised by the….of ADP and an inorganic phosphate group

A

Condensation

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14
Q

The enzyme…catalyses the condensation of ADP and an inorganic phosphate group to form ATP

A

ATP synthase

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15
Q

ATP synthase vs ATP hydrolase

A

ATP synthase is the enzyme that catalyses the condensation of ADP and an inorganic phosphate group to resynthesise ATP

ATP hydrolase is the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and an inorganic phosphate group

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16
Q

ATP turnover meaning

A

ATP is constantly being hydrolysed then resynthesised

17
Q

2 examples of reactions where ATP is resynthesised by the condensation of ADP and an inorganic phosphate group

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration

18
Q

Photosynthesis and respiration are both processes of ATP…

A

Resynthesis
(During the reaction ADP and an inorganic phosphate group undergo condensation into ATP which is catalysed by ATP synthase)

19
Q

ATP hydrolysis releases energy in small manageable amounts so…

A

Little energy is wasted when used in the cell

20
Q

ATP can be rapidly resynthesised after hydrolysis so…

A

A continual supply of ATP is available in the cell

21
Q

ATP can transfer energy to other molecules by adding one of its phosphate groups so…

A

It can make molecules more reactive

22
Q

ATP cannot cross the cell surface membrane so…

A

It ensures that it is always available inside the cell for chemical processes

23
Q

ATP is small and soluble so…

A

It can easily diffuse through the cytoplasm and provide energy for different chemical reactions

24
Q

Only one bond is broken (between 2 of the phosphate groups) to release energy during ATP hydrolysis to ADP so…

A

It releases energy immediately

25
Q

When ATP is hydrolysed to ADP and an inorganic phosphate group it releases energy immediately because..

A

Only one bond is broken (between 2 of the phosphate groups)

26
Q

When ATP is hydrolysed to ADP and an inorganic phosphate group it releases energy immediately because..

A

Only one bond is broken (between 2 of the phosphate groups)

27
Q

ATP is referred to as a nucleotide derivative because…

A

It is a nucleotide
(The only difference to DNA/ RNA is that it has 3 phosphate groups not 2 and the base is always adenine)

28
Q

ATP is…and…so it can easily diffuse through the…to provide…for different chemical reactions

A

Small
Soluble
Cytoplasm
Energy

29
Q

ATP…releases energy in… … amounts so little energy is …when used in the cell

A

Hydrolysis
Small
Manageable
Wasted

30
Q

ATP cannot cross the…so it ensures that it is always available inside the cell for…

A

Cell surface membrane
Chemical processes

31
Q

ATP can be rapidly…after hydrolysis so a…is available in the cell

A

Resynthesised
Continual supply

32
Q

ATP can be rapidly…after hydrolysis so a…is available in the cell

A

Resynthesised
Continual

33
Q

Where in the ATP molecule is the energy stored

A

In the bonds between the phosphate groups

34
Q

ATP hydrolysis releases energy because a bond between 2 of the…is broken

A

Phosphate groups
(As one inorganic phosphate group is released)

3.1 Biological Molecules (A Level Biology) (10 decks)

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