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3.1 Biological Molecules (A Level Biology) > 3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA > Flashcards

3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleotides consist of what 3 components

A

Phosphate group
Nitrogen- containing base
Pentose sugar

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2
Q

All nucleotides contain what 5 different elements

A

Phosphorus
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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3
Q

3 bases that can be present in both DNA and RNA nucleotides

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cyostine

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4
Q

Which base can only be present in a DNA nucleotide and not an RNA nucleotide

A

Thymine

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5
Q

Which base can only be present in an RNA nucleotide but not a DNA nucleotide

A

Uracil

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6
Q

Both DNA and RNA can contain the bases … , … and… but only DNA nucleotides can contain the base… and only RNA nucleotides can contain the base…

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

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7
Q

Which 2 polymers are made up of nucleotide monomers

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acid)

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8
Q

Both DNA and RNA are polymers made up of the monomer…..

A

Nucleotides

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9
Q

For a DNA nucleotide the pentose sugar is always …but in the RNA nucleotide the pentose sugar is always …

A

Deoxyribose
Ribose

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10
Q

For a … nucleotide the pentose sugar is always deoxyribose but for a …nucleotide the pentose sugar is always ribose

A

DNA
RNA

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11
Q

Nucleotides are joined together by …bonds to form polymers (DNA or RNA)

A

Phosphodiester

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12
Q

2 nucleotides join together in a condensation reaction to form a … (name structure)

A

Dinucleotide

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13
Q

Are RNA molecules long or short

A

Short

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14
Q

Are DNA molecules long or short

A

Long (extremely long)

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15
Q

RNA molecules are short and …stranded

A

Single

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16
Q

DNA strands in the double helix are…meaning they run in opposite directions

A

Antiparallel

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17
Q

2 polynucleotide strands in DNA are held together by …pairing

A

Complementary base

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18
Q

In DNA there are…bonds between the base of one polynucleotide strand and the complementary base of the other polynucleotide strand

A

Hydrogen

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19
Q

DNA is a coiled helix so is…(what is the function relating to this structure)

A

Compact

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20
Q

DNA is a long, large molecule so can store lots of…

A

Information

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21
Q

DNA has a sugar phosphate backbone so the…in the middle are protected

A

Bases

22
Q

DNA has bases arranged in a specific sequence so it can code for a sequence of..

A

Amino acids

23
Q

DNA is double stranded so it can accurately be…using complementary base pairing

A

Replicated

24
Q

DNA has hydrogen bonds between the bases on each strand so the strands can easily be…when it replicates

A

Separated

25
Q

6 key structures of DNA and how it relates to its function

A

DNA is a coiled helix so is compact
DNA is a long, large molecule so can store lots of information
DNA has a sugar- phosphate backbone so the bases in the middle are protected
DNA has bases arranged in a specific sequence so it can code for a sequence of amino acids
DNA is double stranded so it can be accurately replicated using complementary base pairing
DNA has hydrogen bonds between the bases on each strand so the strands can easily be separated when it replicates

26
Q

DNA is a very…molecule because the bases on each strand are linked by hydrogen bonds and hydrogen bonds are strong together (as there’s lots of them)

A

Stable

27
Q

DNA is a very stable molecule because the … on each strand are linked by…bonds and many…bonds are strong together

A

Bases
Hydrogen
Hydrogen

28
Q

2 types of nucleic acids are.. and …

A

DNA
RNA

29
Q

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are important…-carrying molecules

A

Information

30
Q

A Pentose sugar contains … carbon atoms

A

5

31
Q

3 types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

32
Q

In a DNA molecule between cytosine and guanine there are…(how many) hydrogen bonds

A

3

33
Q

In a DNA molecule between adenine and thymine there are… (how many) hydrogen bonds

A

2

34
Q

In a DNA molecule between adenine and thymine there are…hydrogen bonds but between cytosine and guanine there are…hydrogen bonds (how many)

A

2
3

35
Q

DNA is a long and large molecule so…

A

Can store lots of information

36
Q

DNA has a sugar phosphate backbone so…

A

Protects the bases in the middle

37
Q

DNA has bases arranged in a specific sequence so…

A

Can code for a specific sequence of amino acids

38
Q

DNA is double stranded so…

A

Can be accurately replicated using complementary base pairing

39
Q

DNA has hydrogen bonds between the bases on each strand so…

A

The strands can easily be separated when it replicates

40
Q

….(structure of DNA) so the bases in the middle are protected

A

DNA has a sugar phosphate backbone

41
Q

….(structure of DNA) so it can be accurately replicated using complementary base pairing

A

DNA is double stranded

42
Q

…(structure of DNA) so it is compact

A

DNA is a coiled helix

43
Q

…(structure of DNA) so it can store lots of information

A

DNA is a long , large molecule

44
Q

…(structure of DNA) so the strands can easily be separated when it replicates

A

DNA has hydrogen bonds between the bases on each strand

45
Q

…(structure of DNA) so it can code for a sequence of amino acids

A

DNA has a specific sequence of bases

46
Q

Many scientists have doubted that DNA carried genetic information because it’s…

A

A relatively simple molecule

47
Q

Many scientists have doubted that DNA carried genetic information because….

A

It has a relatively simple chemical composition (is only made up of 2 strands of repeating nucleotides)

48
Q

For each strand in the DNA molecule, one end is known as…and the other end is known as…

A

3’ (3 prime:
5’ (5 prime)

49
Q

5’ is pronounced as…and 3’ is pronounced as…

A

5 prime
3 prime

50
Q

5’ is pronounced as…and 3’ is pronounced as…

A

5 prime
3 prime

3.1 Biological Molecules (A Level Biology) (10 decks)

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