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3.1 Biological Molecules (A Level Biology) > 3.1.4 Proteins > Flashcards

3.1.4 Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

There are …different amino acids that can be used to form polypeptides

A

20

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2
Q

A condensation reaction between 2 amino acids forms…

A

Dipeptide and water

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3
Q

A condensation reaction between …amino acids forms a dipeptide and water

A

2

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4
Q

A…reaction between 2 amino acids forms a dipeptide and water

A

Condensation

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5
Q

A dipeptide and 1 molecule of water are hydrolysed to form…

A

2 amino acids

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6
Q

Name for bond between 2 amino acids in dipeptide

A

Peptide bond

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7
Q

During the condensation of 2 amino acids to form a dipeptide and water a …bond is formed between the 2 amino acids

A

Peptide

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8
Q

H2N is known as the…group

A

Amine

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9
Q

True or false, when drawing an amino acid the H must always go on the top and the R must always go on the bottom

A

False
The R and H can go either way round
But the amine group (H2N) must always go on the left and the carboxylic acid (COOH) must always go on the right

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10
Q

The…group of the amino acid determines which amino acid it is

A

R
(The R group is variable as it can change but the rest of the amino acid never changes)

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11
Q

Which part of the amino acid is variable so can change

A

R group
(The R group determines which amino acid it is)

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12
Q

Dipeptides are formed by the condensation of…amino acids but polypeptides are formed by the condensation of many amino acids

A

2

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13
Q

When we call it a polypeptide vs protein

A

Polypeptide= 1 polypeptide chain
Protein= multiple polypeptide chains

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14
Q

Amylase is made up of only 1 polypeptide chain therefore it’s called a …(protein/ polypeptide)

A

Polypeptide

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15
Q

Haemoglobin is made up of 4 polypeptide chains so it’s called a …(protein/ polypeptide)

A

Protein

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16
Q

Instead of saying that the amino acid sequence effects the shape of the polypeptide/ protein, we say that the amino acid sequence effects the…of the polypeptide/ protein

A

Tertiary structure

17
Q

Tertiary structure of protein/ polypeptide is determined by bonds between …

A

R groups

18
Q

The …of proteins/ polypeptides is determined by bonds between R groups

A

Tertiary structure

19
Q

3 examples of bonds between R groups in the polypeptide/ protein that determine its tertiary structure

A

Disulphide bridge
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds

20
Q

There are…levels of protein structure in the hierarchy

A

4
(However the 4th level only applies to proteins and not polypeptides as it involves more than 1 polypeptide chain)

21
Q

Primary structure of protein meaning (although technically it should be called primary structure of polypeptide)

A

Sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain

22
Q

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is known as the…structure

A

Primary

23
Q

Secondary structure of proteins meaning (although technically it should be called secondary structure of polypeptides)

A

Some regions of the polypeptide chain fold in a specific way to form an alpha helix or beta sheet and there are hydrogen bonds between the C=O and N-H of different amino acids which stabilises the structure

24
Q

When talking about secondary structure, we talk about …bonds

A

Hydrogen

25
Q

In the secondary structure…bonds stabilise the structure

A

Hydrogen

26
Q

In the secondary structure of protein, hydrogen bonds refer to bonds between … and…of different amino acids

A

C=O
H-N

27
Q

Is secondary structure 2D or 3D

A

2D

28
Q

Tertiary structure of protein (although technically it should be called tertiary structure of polypeptide) is held together by a number of different bonds between the…groups

A

R

29
Q

In the…structure, different polypeptide chains are held together by disulphide bridges/ ionic bonds/ hydrogen bonds (same type of bonds as for tertiary structure)

A

Quaternary

30
Q

When carrying out the biuret test for proteins, the test solution must be…(acidic/ alkaline)

A

Alkaline
(Biuret reagant contains sodium hydroxide which is alkaline)

31
Q

To test for proteins you either add biuret regant to the test solution or sodium…(which is alkali) and copper…solution (which is blue)

A

Hydroxide
Sulphate

32
Q

True or false, functional proteins are always made up of one polypeptide chain

A

False
They may contain one or more polypeptide chain (some functional proteins like amylose are only made up of one polypeptide chain but Haemoglobin for example is made up of 4 polypeptide chains)

3.1 Biological Molecules (A Level Biology) (10 decks)

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