3.1.6 & 3.1.8 ATP & Inorganic Ions Flashcards
How do organisms obtain energy?
Plants-from the sun
Animals- from food (glucose)
Both-respiration
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What’s is the full name of ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
Structure of ATP
Adenine- nitrogen containing base
Ribose-Pentose
Phosphates-chain of 3 phosphates
Adenine
\
Ribose-P-P-P
P= phosphate
The further the bonds are away from the ribose the more energy between the phosphates
What is adenine and ribose referred as?
Adenosine
How does ATP work?
Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP
Bonds between phosphates are unstable
End phosphate wants to real away(all phosphates have a negative charge)
When they break they release a large amount of energy
Only last(terminal) phosphate is removed
Chemical equation for hydrolysis and condensation
Hydrolysis:
ATP+H2O->ADP+Pi+energy
Condensation:
ADP+Pi+energy->ATP+H2O
What is ADP?
Adenosine Diphosphate
(1 less phosphate)
What are the three ways of synthesis of ATP from ADP?
Respiration
Photosynthesis
When a phosphate group is transferred from a donor molecule to ADP
Characteristics of ATP
Soluble
Intermediate energy source(short term because it’s unstable)
Cell doesn’t require large quantities of
Rapidly reformed from AFP and inorganic phosphate
Why is ATP better than glucose?
Releases less energy so the quantities are more manageable
Hydrolysis is ATP is a single reaction so quicker than glucose (series reaction)
Function of ATP?
Metabolic processes-used to build up micro molecules
Movement-required for muscle contraction
Active transport- change shape in carrier protein
Secretion- lysosome realise cell products
Activation molecules- inorganic phosphate can be used to phosphorylate other compounds lowering the activation energy(more reactive)
What are the most common events found in living organisms?
C, H, N, O
What is an ion?
A atom that has lost or gained an electron(s)
What is a cation?
+ion
What is an anion?
-ion
