3.1.3 Lipids Flashcards
What elements are lipids made of?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What is a triglyceride made of ?
3 fatty acid tails
1 glycerol backbone
What is the functional group that all fatty acid tails have?
COOH
What is a saturated fatty acid?
Saturated with hydrogens so there are no Carbon double bonds
How can you tell the difference between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated will be liquid at room temperature and won’t pack as nicely they also have at least 1 double carbon bond which gives gives the tail a kink
What does omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids mean?
Omega 3- first double carbon on the 3rd carbon
Omega 6 - first double carbon on the 3rd carbon
Where can I find saturated, Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated (food)
Saturated- butter,cheese,meat,yogurt
Monounsaturated-olives,rapeseed,oil
Polyunsaturated-sunflower seeds, walnuts
What do monounsaturated and polyunsaturated mean?
Mono-only 1 double carbon bond
Poly-more than one double carbon bond
What is the reaction called when joining fatty acids to glycerol?
Condensation or esterification
What are the names of bonds that form from the condensation/esterification reaction?
Ester bonds
Structure to function: lipids
Lipids contain 2x more energy than carbohydrates- this is because of the very high number of energy storing carbon-hydrogen bonds
Lots of energy can be stored in little mass
When oxidised lipids produce metabolic water(high H:O ratio)
Lipids are non polar so storage doesn’t affect osmosis in cells
Real life examples of lipids being useful
On leaf(and insects) waxy cuticle for water proofing
Polar bear: blubber
Protects delicates organs such as kidneys
What are phospholipids?
Have a phosphate group instead of the 1st fatty acid tail
The phosphate is on the opposite side of the glycerol to the tails
How are phospholipids similar to triglycerides
Both have 2 fatty acids and a glycerol
What part of a phospholipid is insoluble in water?
Hydrophobic (fatty acids)
Hydrophilic (phosphate)
