315 chapter 11 Flashcards
emotion
functional reaction to stimulus change, reactions occur along various channels/dimensions, operate in synchrony for purpose of adaptation to stimulus
B.F skinner in emotion
emotions are byproducts of behaviors
Channels
dimensions that express emotion
4 channels of emotion
affect, facial, physiological behavior
affect
private subjective experience, awareness of physiological feelings that are specific to a particular emmotions; either pleasant or unpleasant
facial
expressios that register on the face
physiological
heart rate, muscle tension, respiration
behavior
function to meet aim of emotion
response coherence postulate
emotion channels are associated together, channels change together in tandem in synchrony to fulfill the aim of an eneryg
methods for uncovering basic emotions
analysis of meaning of emotion words, describe visual scenes of emotion situations, examining facial expressions
universal emotions
joy, love, surprise, sadness, fear, anger disgust
emotion prototype
most representative common meaning of all words within an emotion category
facial expressions
smiles, tears, eyebrows, blushing, 28 different categories of emotion
self conscious emotions
stem from what others think of us (guilt, shame, embrass)
William James
no limit of # of possible different emotions but not worthwhile to find all
common sense theory
thoughts cause emotions; emotions cause behavior
Biological perspective of emotions
james-lange theory, autonomic n.s, connections between physiological response and emotions, facial feedback hypothesis
james-lange theory
emotions direct results of physiological changes that occur automatically in response to stimulus; emotions are minds interpretation to body’s response
autonomic n.s
maintains homeostasis; Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
cannon bard theory
certain physiological response co-occur with emotions; involve thalamus
facial feedback hypothesis
different facial movements produce different emotional expressions
connections between physiological responses and emotions
sadness/grief, fear/anger, embarrassment
cognitive perspective of emotions
schatcher-singers cognitve label theory, misattribution of arousal, facilitate romantic attraction
schatcher-singer congitive label theory
human brain is like computer, stimulus causes generalized arousal, brain searches reason for arousal, brain creates cognitive label, once labeled, specific emotion is experienced
misattribution of arousal
tricking the mind like schatcher-singer theory
can misattribution of arousal facilitate romantic attraction
Dutton and Aaron, pleasant v unpleasant arousal
aualia
primitive subjective experience of affect that not fully describable
emotions in brain
cortex and interior parts of brain
networks in brain
communication among regions; 3-D representations of emotions; patterns are constantly changing as are experiences of emotions
epileptic aura
psychological changes that precede seizures and involve emotional felling, occur in interior of brain, range of emotions and have accompanying facial expressions
emotion education
process by which children learn to label their affective feelings, people label situations and childs facial expressions and childs behavior; labels attach to childs affective behavior
triadic relation
when internal reaction to stimulus is shared between 2 individuals
intensity and duration of emotions
emotions vary in intensity, duration, valence (+, -)
law of change
greater stimuli changes produce stronger emotions
law of emotional momentum
emotion stimulus repeatedly elicits same emotion provided that person hasn’t habituated to stimulus
honeymoon effect
high passion occurs early in marriage/early in romantic relationship; passion declines with length of marriage due to partner habituating to stimulus characteristic of other partner
function of arousal
heart rate, blood pressure, electodermal responses (perspirations), and muscle tension; assume each specific affective feelings has a unique profile of aroused physiological response associated with it. major differences occur between + and - emotions
body maps of emotions
attempts to localize emotions based on where the emotions is felt most intensely; specific emotions are perceived more weakly/strongly in certain body areas (disgust felt in stomach, love felt in heart)
pattern classification analysis
emotion inducing stimulus produce different physiological response patterns, different patterns represent different emotions, some create confusion (anger v fear), implies emotion differentiation is possible without complete physiological pattern specificity
cognitive arousal theory
affect depends on interpretation of ones physiological arousal as based on information extracted from the emotion situation
excitation transfer
experiments in which physiological arousal induced from one source influence emotional experience and behavior induced from another source
example of excitation transfer
male physiological arousal increased by running, afterward men evaluate women model; arousal increased attraction for attractive female, arousal decreased attraction for unattractive female
theory of constructed emotions
brain constructs an emotion from general pattern of physiological responses in current situations and memory of prior experiences constructed emotions= pattern of arousal + situation + memory
cannons theory of arousal
physiological/arousal is organisms preparedness for emergency responses (flight/fight)
emergency response
discrete emotion prepare organism
action readiness
preparedness to execute a behavior associated with specific emotion
moods
a subjective experience similar to an emotion; background of conscious
mood differs from emotions
longer duration, emotion is less intense, less awareness of inducing stimulus for mood, differs in + and - and bad/good
negative affect
afraid, scared, nervous, jittery, irritable, hostile, guilty, ashamed, upset, distressed
positive affect
active, alert, attentive, determined, enthusiastic, excited, inspired, interested, proud, strong
factors that affect mood
time/day, day of week, seasons, weather, sleep
PANAS
positive mood higher midday and lower morning and night. negative mood= constant over entire day
morningness-eveningness
personality dimension referring to time of day that person functions bests (larks/owls. Positive mood= monday to saturday. negative mood= increase saturday to monday, decrease on sunday
seasonal affective disorder
winter blues; mood is lower in winter and higher in spring and fall. low in summer for some people due to heat.
serve depression
doesn’t increase duration of winter/amount of sunlight
winter blues
lead to sleep more, eat more, gain weight, less energy, decline in social interaction, not considered depression
regulate moods
nature, sleep, mature sexual behavior, music
