3.1.3 Electrons and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What two things does a higher principal quantum number mean?

Answer 1

1. The higher the energy level;

2. The further the shell is from the nucleus;

Question 2

In what order of shells do the orbitals increase?

Answer 2

s < p < d < f;

Question 3

Name the order that shells are filled in.

Answer 3

1s
2s 2p 
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f 

These shells are filled:
- 4s before 3d (as 4s is a lower energy level, because these quantum principal numbers ‘overlap’ at this point);

Question 4

How should the filling of a shell be written?

Answer 4

1s^22s^2 ect
These powers only go up to 2 for the s shells, 6 for the p shells and 10 for the d shells (where each shell can hold 2 electrons and there are x number of shells - with dumbbell p orbitals, these are the x,y and z orbitals).

Question 5

How can the last shell of the electron configuration of an element be worked out, and why would this need to be done? Give the example of Oxygen.

Answer 5

1. Oxygen is the 4th element in the 2p block; so 2p^4;
2. This is important because it allows us to focus on which electrons are in the outer shell - these are the ones that react, this can also be used to check the whole configuration.

Question 6

Hoe can the electron configuration be shortened? Word of warning?

Answer 6

• It is abbreviated by basing the inner-shell configuration on the noble gas that comes before it on the periodic table:
  Li: 1s^22s^1 would become [He]2s^1
  Na: ….3s^1 would become [Ne]2s^1
• BE VERY CAREFUL ABOUT CHOOSING THE CORRECT NOBLE GAS, WITHT THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS.

Question 7

What can you tell from the electron configuration of an element?

Answer 7

Which block it comes from on the periodic table;

Question 8

What is ‘n,’ in the case of orbitals?

Answer 8

The principal quantum number (shell no.).

Question 9

Give the electron configuration of an element with one electron.

Answer 9

1
Hydrogen H
1 1s1

Question 10

Give the electron configuration of an element with 2 electrons.

Answer 10

2 Helium
He
18 1s2

Question 11

Give the electron configuration of an element with 3 electrons.

Answer 11

3 Lithium
Li
1 [He] 2s1 s-block, Group 1 Alkali Metal,

Question 12

Give the electron configuration of an element with 4 electrons.

Answer 12

4 Beryllium

Be 2 [He] 2s2 s-block, Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metal,

Question 13

Give the electron configuration of an element with 5 electrons.

Answer 13

5 Borom B

13 [He] 2s2 2p1 p-block, Group 3/13

Question 14

Give the electron configuration of an element with 6 electrons.

Answer 14

6 Carbon C

14 [He] 2s2 2p2 p-block, Gp4/14,

Question 15

Give the electron configuration of an element with 7 electrons.

Answer 15

7 Nitrogen
N
15 [He] 2s2 2p3 p-block, Gp5/15,

Question 16

Give the electron configuration of an element with 8 electrons.

Answer 16

8 Oxygen O

16 [He] 2s2 2p4 p-block, Gp6/16,

Question 17

Give the electron configuration of an element with 9 electrons.

Answer 17

9 Fluorine F

17 [He] 2s2 2p5 p-block, G p7/17 Halogen,

Question 18

Give the electron configuration of an element with 10 electrons.

Answer 18

10 Neon Ne

18 [He] 2s2 2p6 p-block, Gp 0/18 Noble Gas,

Question 19

Give the electron configuration of an element with 11 electrons.

Answer 19

11 Sodium Na

1 [Ne] 3s1 Gp1 Alkali Metal,

Question 20

Give the electron configuration of an element with 12 electrons.

Answer 20

12 Magnesium
Mg
2 [Ne] 3s2 s-block, Gp2 Alkaline Earth Metal,

Question 21

Give the electron configuration of an element with 13 electrons.

Answer 21

13 Aluminium
Al
13 [Ne] 3s2 3p1 p-block, Gp3/13,

Question 22

Give the electron configuration of an element with 14 electrons.

Answer 22

14 Silicon
Si
14 [Ne] 3s2 3p2 p-block, Gp4/14,

Question 23

Give the electron configuration of an element with 15 electrons.

Answer 23

15 Phosphorus
P
15 [Ne] 3s2 3p3 p-block, Gp5/15,

Question 24

Give the electron configuration of an element with 16 electrons.

Answer 24

16 Sulphur
S
16 [Ne] 3s2 3p4 p-block, Gp6/16,

Question 25

Give the electron configuration of an element with 17 electrons.

Answer 25

17 Chlorine Cl 17 [Ne] 3s2 3p5 p-block, Gp7/17 Halogen,

Question 26

Give the electron configuration of an element with 18 electrons.

Answer 26

18 Argon Ar 18 [Ne] 3s2 3p6 p-block, Gp 0/18 Noble Gas,

Question 27

Give the electron configuration of an element with 19 electrons.

Answer 27

19 Potassium K 1 [Ar] 4s1 s-block, Gp1 Alkali Metal,

Question 28

Give the electron configuration of an element with 20 electrons.

Answer 28

20 Calcium Ca 2 [Ar] 4s2 s-block, Gp2 Alkaline Earth Metal,

Question 29

Give the electron configuration of an element with 21 electrons.

Answer 29

21 Scandium Sc 3 [Ar] 3d1 4s2 3d block, not true Transition Metal

Question 30

Give the electron configuration of an element with 22 electrons.

Answer 30

22 Titanium Ti 4 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 31

Give the electron configuration of an element with 23 electrons.

Answer 31

23 Vanadium | V 5 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 32

Give the electron configuration of an element with 24 electrons.

Answer 32

24 Chromium Cr | 6 [Ar] 3d5 4s1 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 33

Give the electron configuration of an element with 25 electrons.

Answer 33

25 Manganese Mn | 7 [Ar] 3d5 4s2 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 34

Give the electron configuration of an element with 26 electrons.

Answer 34

26 Iron Fe 8 [Ar] 3d6 4s2 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 35

Give the electron configuration of an element with 27 electrons.

Answer 35

27 Cobalt | Co 9 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 36

Give the electron configuration of an element with 28 electrons.

Answer 36

28 Nickel | Ni 10 [Ar] 3d8 4s2 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 37

Give the electron configuration of an element with 29 electrons.

Answer 37

29 Copper | Cu 11 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 3d block, a true Transition Metal

Question 38

Give the electron configuration of an element with 30 electrons.

Answer 38

30 Zinc | Zn 12 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 3d block, not true Transition Metal

Question 39

Give the electron configuration of an element with 31 electrons.

Answer 39

31 Gallium | Ga 13 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 p-block, Gp3/13,

Question 40

Give the electron configuration of an element with 32 electrons.

Answer 40

32 Germanium | Ge 14 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 p-block, Gp4/14,

Question 41

Give the electron configuration of an element with 33 electrons.

Answer 41

33 Arsenic | As 15 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 p-block, Gp5/15,

Question 42

Give the electron configuration of an element with 34 electrons.

Answer 42

34 Selenium | Se 16 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 p-block, Gp6/16,

Question 43

Give the electron configuration of an element with 35 electrons.

Answer 43

35 Bromine | Br 17 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 p-block, Gp7/17 Halogen,

Question 44

Give the electron configuration of an element with 36 electrons.

Answer 44

36 Krypton Kr 18 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 p-block, Gp 0/18 Noble Gas,

Question 45

What are the exceptions to the rules of filling orbitals? Name their electronic configurations.

Answer 45

There are two: 1. Chromium: [Ar] 3d5 4s1; 2. Copper: [Ar] 3d10 4s1;

Question 46

Define disproponation.

Answer 46

A type of redox reaction in which reduction and oxidisation both occur.

Question 47

Define deliquescent.

Answer 47

A salt which gains more water of crystallisation from the atmosphere with time.

Question 48

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...6p be?

Answer 48

- In the block (this is located in the right most block of non metal elements); - In period 6;

Question 49

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...1s be?

Answer 49

- In the p block (this is located in the first period and in G1 - left most group); - In period 1; - He or H;

Question 50

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...2s be?

Answer 50

- In the s block (this is located in the first period and in G1 - the left most group); - In period 2; - Li;

Question 51

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...3s be?

Answer 51

- In the s block (this is located in the first period - and in G1 - the left most group); - In period 3; - Na;

Question 52

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...4s be?

Answer 52

- In the s block (this is located in the first period and in G1 - the left most group); - In period 4; - K;

Question 53

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...5s be?

Answer 53

- In the s block (this is located in the first period and in G1 - the left most group); - In period 5; - Rb;

Question 54

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...6s be?

Answer 54

- In the s block (this is located in the first period and in G1 - the left most group); - In period 6; - Cs;

Question 55

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...7s be?

Answer 55

- In the s block (this is located in the first period and in G1 - the left most group); - In period 7; - Fr;

Question 56

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...3d be?

Answer 56

- In the d block (this is located in the transition metals); | - In period 4;

Question 57

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...4d be?

Answer 57

- In the d block (this is located in the transition metals); | - In period 5;

Question 58

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...5d be?

Answer 58

- In the d block (this is located in the transition metals); | - In period 6;

Question 59

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...4f be?

Answer 59

- In the f block (this is located in the lanthanides); | - In the first of the two rows of the f block;

Question 60

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...5f be?

Answer 60

- In the f block (this is located in the lanthanides); | - In the second of the two rows in the f block;

Question 61

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...2p be?

Answer 61

- In the p block (this is located in the right most block of non metal elements); - In period 2;

Question 62

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...3p be?

Answer 62

- In the p block (this is located in the right most block of non metal elements); - In period 3;

Question 63

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...4p be?

Answer 63

- In the p block (this is located in the right most block of non metal elements); - In period 4;

Question 64

Where would an element with the electron configuration ...5p be?

Answer 64

- In the p block (this is located in the right most block of non metal elements); - In period 5;

Question 65

Where is the s block?

Answer 65

- In the whole of period 1 and in G1 (the left most group of elements). - Starting at 1s and ending at 7s;

Question 66

Where is the p block?

Answer 66

- In the right most block of non metal elements on the periodic table. - Starting at 2p and ending at 6p;

Question 67

Where is the d block?

Answer 67

- In the transition metals. | - Starting at 3d and ending at 5d;

Question 68

Where is the f block?

Answer 68

- In the lanthanides. | - Starting at 4f and ending at 5f;