2.2.4 Ionic Bonding

Question 1

Why do solid structures of giant ionic lattices happen? How is this present in NaCl?

Answer 1

They result from oppositely charged ions strongly attracted in all directions. The ions attract each other from all directions, forming a 3D giant ionic lattice. In NaCl, each ion is surrounded by 6 oppositely charged atoms.

Question 2

In the bonding of Na2O, how do both elements become more stable and how would you draw and write this?

Answer 2

Both Na and O end up with the config of neon. You would only draw the electrons in the outer shells, because they are the only ones that are concerned in the reaction. So, Na would be bare or full and O would be full, WITH SQUARE BRACKETS.
2Na arrow to 2Na+ +2e-
O+2e- arrow to O2-

Question 3

What can you tell from dot-and-cross diagram?

Answer 3

1. Where electrons come from

2. The charge on each ion, which you can work out from the dots and crosses.

Question 4

How would you draw and write the bonding between Ca and O?

Answer 4

CaO:
Ca arrow to Ca2+ + 2e-
O + 2e- arrow to O2-

O would be drawn with a full shell of 8, two x’s and 6 dots

Ca would be drawn with an empty shell, or a full shell all of crosses

Question 5

How would you draw and write the bonding between Al and F?

Answer 5

AlF3:
Al arrow to Al3+ + 3e-
3F + 3e- arrow to 3F-

Center: Al, an full outer shell, or completely empty
Around this would be three F-‘s, in a hippy wheel shape, each would have a full outer shell, of seven dots and one cross.