2.2.3 Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.

Question 2

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 2

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms.

Question 3

Why do elements bond chemically (vs physically)?

Answer 3

So that they can acquire a noble gas configuration. A noble gas is energetically stable (full outer shells).

Question 4

What is an ionic (chemical) bond

Answer 4

An ionic (chemical) bond is:

1. Metal and non-metal
2. Electron transferred from metal to non (so metal ion +)
3. They attract because oppositely charged ions attract

Question 5

Give an example of an ionic compound and a covalent compound that have bonded to have the electron configuration of a noble gas.

Answer 5

Ionic - Magnesium oxide
Mg2, O2- : both now have the electron configuration of Neon

Covalent - H2
Both H’s now have the electron config of He

Question 6

What happens during covalent bonding? Produce examples

Answer 6

1. Two non-metals
2. Shared electron attracted to nuclei of both ats
3. Eg: water, oxygen, and allotropes of carbon (graphite and diamond)

Question 7

What happens in (chemical not physical) metallic bonding?

Answer 7

Electrons are shared between all atoms. (Ie: brass - copper and zink, or bronze - copper and tin).