3.12 Polymers Flashcards
What are the 2 types of polymerisation?
- Addition
- Condensation
When do addition polymers form?
When unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer.
The monomers contain C=C bonds.
Why are poly(alkenes) non-biodegradable?
They are chemically inert due to the strong C-C and C-H bonds and non-polar nature of the bonds.
Draw the polymer repeating unit for but-2-ene.
(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)
What re the 2 most common types of condensation polymers?
- polyesters
- polyamides
Which involve the formation of an ester linkage or an amide linkage.
Write the word equation for making a polyester out of a carboxylic acid.
dicarboxylic acid + diol -> poly(ester) + water
Write the word equation for making a polyester out of an acyl chloride.
diacyl chloride + diol -> poly(ester) + HCl
Write the word equation for making a polyamide out of an acyl chloride.
diacyl chloride + diamine -> poly(amide) + HCl
Write the word equation for making a polyamide out of a carboxylic acid.
dicarboxylic acid + diamine -> poly(amide) + water
Show the equation for how you would make terylene out of ethane-1,2-diol
(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)
What is teryline used for?
Teryline fabric is used in clothing, tire cords.
Draw the repeating unit of the polymer made from:
pentanedioyl dichloride + benzene-1,4-diol
(see page 1 in the chemrevise revision guide)
Draw the repeating unit for the polyamide - nylon 6,6
And the two monomers used to make it
(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)
Draw the repeating unit for the polyamide - kevlar
And the two monomers used to make it
(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)
Draw 3 repeating units of the polymer for 4-hydroxybutanoyl chloride
(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)
Draw 3 repeating units of the polymer for 2-hydroxypropanoic acid (lactic acid)
(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)
2 lactic acid molecules can also form a ring diester.
Draw one repeating unit of the polymer for 4-hydroxypentanoic acid.
(see page 2 in the chemrevise revision guide)
Are polyesters and polyamides biodegradable?
Polyesters and polyamides can be broken down by hydrolysis and are, therefore, biodegradable.
The reactivity can be explained by the presence of poor bonds which can attract attacking species such as nucleophiles and acids.
Read the box labelled 1 on page 3 of the chemrevise revision guide.
understand?
Why do polyamides have higher boiling points than polyesters?
(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)
What are the 3 main ways to dispose of polymers?
- landfill
- incineration
- recycling
(see page 3 in the chemrevise revision guide)
