3.1.1.6 Energy systems (ENERGY EXPENDITURE)

Question 1

Indirect calorimetry:

Answer 1

• energy expenditure through gas exchange
• O2 is inhaled/ CO2 exhaled
• calories used/speed of food sources being broken

Basil Metabolic Rate

Question 2

Lactate Sampling

Answer 2

lactate in blood = intensity (changes?)

resting blood lactate - 2
OBLA occurs at 4

Question 3

VO2 max test

Answer 3

• runs/cycles increasing intensity until exhaustion

- volume & concentration of O2 & CO2 = calculated

Question 4

Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

Answer 4

-O2 utilised by body & CO2 produced exercising
-air expired during exercise
-breathing tube to Douglas bag = expire air Douglas bag
(gas analyser = gives RER value)
anaerobic = glucose
oxygen = fats = lower

Question 5

3 reasons Why test ?

Answer 5

1. measure improvement
2. set training intensities
3. goal setting

Question 6

RER equation

Answer 6

CO2 expired per minute (VCO2) divided by O2 consumed per minute (VO2)

Question 7

why does RER increase or decrease:

Answer 7

• fats = more oxygen than carbs energy (fats = + stores
• metabolism fat = 70% of energy per litre of O2 consumed compared to carb
• RER = 0.7 body = fat
• RER = 1 = harder = glucose/glycogen

Question 8

hitting the wall

Answer 8

running out of glycogen

Question 9

during rest energy sources?

Answer 9

fats than carbs more aerobic more oxygen

• ATP utilisation is slow
• mixture of fats and carbs is used to resynthesise ATP

Question 10

sources of fuels

main source of… for muscular energy during exercise

Answer 10

• CHO = glucose, derived from stored muscle and liver glycogen
• lack of CHO fuel = limiting factor for aerobic endurance performance
• fat = free fatty acids (FFA) - derived from triglycerides stored as adipose tissue under skin & in muscle tissue
• proteins: significant energy source only in extreme conditions when CHO & fats are depleted

Question 11

Triglycerides

Answer 11

-break down to FFA for entry to aerobic energy systems

Question 12

oxygen system:

Answer 12

carbs & fats stored in muscle or delivered by blood

blood: glucose, FFA and O2
muscle: muscle glycogen, glucose, FFA, muscle triglyceride
- into the oxygen system and ATP is produced and CO2 + H2O produced

Question 13

Dietary manipulation

Answer 13

daily exercise of 2hrs is followed by either a high or low CHO
-low = muscle fatigue greater

Question 14

direct gas analysis

Answer 14

measures concentration of oxygen inspired and concentration of CO2 expired

Question 15

cycle ergometer

Answer 15

stationary bike measures how much work being performed