3.1.1.2 Cardiovascular system Flashcards
cardiovascular system consists of
- heart
- blood
- blood vessels
-there are adaptations that occur to make CV system more efficient
endurance/games player needs efficient CV system
-deliver O2 and nutrients to muscles and remove waste products
pathway of blood
inferior and superior vena cava right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonic valve pulmonary artery LUNGS
pulmonary vein left atrium mitral/bicuspid valve left ventricle aortic valve/semi lunar valve aorta BODY
atria= receiving chambers ventricles = discharging chambers
cardiac output
amount of blood ejected from heart per minute (l/min)
heart rate
number of times heart beats in a minute (bpm)
stroke volume
amount of blood ejected from heart per beat (ml)
cardiac output equation
heart rate x stroke volume
heart valves
- 4, 1 way valves situated in heart
- prevent back flow of blood in chambers
- 1 direction
- bicuspid and tricuspid valves = atrioventricular valves
- semilunar valves = pocket shaped located at base of arteries responsible for transporting blood away from heart, prevent back flow from arteries to ventricles
cardiac cycle
-consists of diastole and systole
diastole
filling
-period when ventricles and atria are relaxed allowing blood to flow into them
- atria relax = blood flow into them, atrioventricular valves are shut at this point = prevent blood flow into ventricles
- pressure builds in atria, atrioventricular valves open blood flows into relaxed ventricles doesn’t flow into aorta or pulmonary artery due to semi lunar valves
systole
pumping
period when ventricles and atria are contracting allowing blood to flow out of the heart
- atria contract allows remaining blood to flow into the ventricles
- ventricles contract which raises blood pressure and forces open semilunar valves, allows blood to be forced out of aorta to body and the pulmonary artery to lungs
semi lunar valves
at the bases of the large vessels leaving the ventriclesventricles relax, semilunar valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles.
atrioventricular valves
valves between the atria and ventricles
- atrial diastole:
2. atrial systole:
- all heart muscles relax, blood return to atria
- atrias relaxe allowing blood to flow into from veno cava
- AV valves shut (all valves)
- blood goes through open AV valve as atria contract
- forces blood down into ventricles
- ventricular systole
4. ventricular diastole
- blood is ejected out of heart
- ventricles contract
- semi lunar valves open
- blood passing to arteries
- all heart muscles relax
- all valves closed
- blood returns to aorta
cardiac cycle
describes flow of blood through the heart contracting and relaxing of muscles
what the heart transports& function
nutrients O2 waste heat hormones immune cells
- powers entire circulatory system
- in the centre
- hearts concern = maintain pressure by generating high hydrostatic pressure pump blood out and creates low pressure to bring back in
heart valves definitions
- tricuspid valves = R atrium R ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve = R ventricle and pulmonary artery = blood flow from heart - lungs
- mitral valves/bicuspid valve = L atrium L ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve = L ventricle and aorta = carries blood to rest of body
cardiac hypertrophy
thickening of muscular wall of heart so it becomes bigger/stronger
-also mean a larger ventricular cavity
bradycardia
decrease in resting HR to below 60bpm
innervate
supply organ or body part with nerves
