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2.6 Hazards > 3.1 Tropical storms > Flashcards

3.1 Tropical storms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tropical storm

A

Intense, low pressure weather systems which develop in the tropics

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2
Q

What are the requirements needed for a tropical storm to form

A
  1. Ocean depth at least 70m
  2. Ocean temp at least 27c
  3. low altitude wind
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3
Q

How exactly does a tropical storm form

A
  1. Warm air develops above the ocean, warm air expands and rises, as this air rises, more wind comes in to replace it.
  2. The rising air contains moisture which condenses to form clouds. This creates a draft draws even more warm air
  3. The condensation releases LATENT HEAT ENERGY, proving it with a positive feedback cycle of heat (more power)
  4. The CORIOLIS effect makes rising currents spiral around the storm centre, making the storm mature
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4
Q

What are the different parts of a tropical storm

A

Eye of the storm (calm)
Eye wall (most damaging)
Beyond this, a similar, smaller pattern expands

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5
Q

Where are most tropical storms distributed

A

5 and 20 degrees north and south of equator, moving westwards

They usually last 1-2 weeks and around 100 occur every year

1/3 Occur in South east Asia
1/5 Occur in Australia

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6
Q

What scale do we use to measure the magnitude of tropical storms

A

The Saffir-Simpson scale has 5 levels based on

1.central pressure
2. wind speed
3. damage potential

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7
Q

What are the primary physical impacts of a tropical storm

A
  1. Storm surge (most deaths)
  2. Strong winds
  3. Heavy rainfall and flooding
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8
Q

What are the secondary physical impacts of a tropical storm

A
  1. Mudslides
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9
Q

What is a storm surge and how are they formed

A

Surges of high water that sweep inland from the sea, and flood low lying areas

They are caused by intense low pressure, causing the sea to rise and are driven by low surface winds. One of the highest ever recorded was Hurricane Katrina (8.5m high)

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10
Q

What are some methods we can use to predict cyclones

A
  1. Geostationary satellites (watch hurricanes as they from)
  2. Weather Aircraft (measure air pressure and wind speed)
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11
Q

Why is it hard to predict hurricanes

A

They follow an erratic path and even with constant surveillance , 18 hours is the most notice given

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12
Q

What are some methods we can use to prevent yclones

A

Cloud seeding - force cyclones to release water over the sea to have less energy, but this will effect the global energy system

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13
Q

What are some methods we can use to plan for cyclones

A
  1. Practice Evacuation
  2. Educate people
  3. Land-Use planning
  4. Retrofitting
  5. LOCAL COMMUNTIY PLANS
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14
Q

What are 2 case studies to look at for tropical storms

A

Hurricane Katrina
Cyclone Nargis

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15
Q

Give some background context for Hurricane Katrina

A

Developed August 2005 near the Bahamas

6 days later it hit Mississippi and Louisiana

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16
Q

What were the primary physical effects of Hurricane Katrina

A

280kmh wind
10m high storm surge

17
Q

What were the primary human effects of Hurricane Katrina

A

$200 billion in damages

18,000 dead
1 million refugees
Area size of UK left without power and water

80% of New Orleans flooded and looted
Devastated animal breeding grounds

18
Q

What were the secondary human effects of Hurricane Katrina

A

Every state has a Katrina refugee

12,000 people still in temporary trailers years later

Black Americans suffered most

19
Q

What were the primary responses for Hurricane Katrina

A

33,000 people saved by the Coastguard

Emergency supplies sent out
Temporary housing

20
Q

What were the secondary responses for Hurricane Katrina

A

$62.3 billion in aid
Damaged properties quickly repaired

21
Q

What was the main downfall of Hurricane Katrina

A

Inadequate planning and communication

22
Q

Give some background context for Cyclone Nargis

A

Developed April 2005 near the Bay of Bengal

Change in wind made it hit BURMA, MYANMAR as a category 4

23
Q

What were the primary physical effects of Cyclone Nargis

A

215kmh wind
600mm of rain
4m Storm surge

24
Q

What were the primary human effects of Cyclone Nargis

A

$10 billion in damages

135,000 deaths
95% of all low land homes destroyed
5 million homeless

600,000 hectares of farmland damaged

25
Q

What were the secondary human effects of Cyclone Nargis

A

No adequate food or water

Years later, people still living in wrecked villages

26
Q

What were the primary responses for Cyclone Nargis

A

Local communities carried out search and rescue

Aid was not allowed into the country due to fear of invasion. Finally, aid was accepted and it was slow due to the destroyed infrastructure

27
Q

What were the secondary responses for Cyclone Nargis

A

Very slow improvements
Government were too overwhelmed

28
Q

What was the main downfall of Cyclone Nargis

A

Inadequate planning by government

Lack of information given to aid organisation

2.6 Hazards (11 decks)

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