1.1 Introduction to hazards

Question 1

What is the definition of a hazard

Answer 1

A threat with potential to cause damage

Question 2

What is a natural hazard

Answer 2

Hazards caused by the natural environment

Question 3

What is a disaster

Answer 3

A hazardous event which causes a great amount of damage and catastrophes

Question 4

Which model describes how a natural hazard , turns from an event to a disaster

Answer 4

Dreggs model says…
when a geophysical event combines with a vulnerable population

Question 5

What are the 4 types of natural hazards

Answer 5

Geological - driven by earths internal energy (Volcanoe, earthquake)

Hydrological - (tsunami, flooding)

Atmospheric - (Hurricane, Wildfire)

Biological -(Bilharzia snails)

Question 6

What is hazard perception

Answer 6

How people view how dangerous a hazard is based on personal preference

Question 7

What are the characteristic human responses to a hazard

Answer 7

1. Reduce risk (mitigate, adapt, predict)
2. Fear
3. Fatalism - it is gods will and they won’t prevent that

Question 8

What are characteristic human responses influenced by

Answer 8

Positionality (education, wealth, health, age etc)
Past experience
Built environment

Question 9

What are some local and global ways that people reduce risk

Answer 9

1. Save possessions and property (local)
2. Rescue and humanitarian aid (global)

Question 10

Give an example of something which has been developed thanked to characteristic human responses

Answer 10

ADAM data base draws data from the world bank and world food organisation etc so that they most effected have instant access to available supplies

Question 11

Define resilience

Answer 11

The ability of individuals to respond to and recover from hazardous events

Question 12

What are the 2 models used to represent disaster management

Answer 12

The Park model
The Hazard management cycle

Question 13

What is the park model

Answer 13

A disaster response curve, designed to show a hazards varying impact on quality of life over time, through 4 different stages

Question 14

What do the 4 different stages of the park model represent

Answer 14

1. Before disaster
2. Relief (first few days after)
3. Rehabilitation (months after)
4. Reconstruction

Question 15

What is the hazard management cycle

Answer 15

A cycle illustrating the ongoing processes needed by governments and societies to be prepared and reduce vulnerability in a disaster in 5 stages

Question 16

What do the 4 different stages of the Hazard management cycle represent

Answer 16

1. Prepare
2. Respond
3. Recover
4. Mitigate

Question 17

List some advantages and disadvantages of the park model

Answer 17

1. Indicates a time scale, and the events impact/severity
2. Can easily compare 2 events
3. Gives no indication on how to minimise impacts

Question 18

List some advantages and disadvantages of the hazard management cycle

Answer 18

1. Considers how hazards lead into each other
2. Designer to minimise impacts through preparation
3. Difficult to compare events

Question 19

List some advantages and disadvantages of both models

Answer 19

1. Help to chart stages before and after a disaster
2. Overly simplistic
3. No quantitative data