2.2 Managing seismic hazards Flashcards
How can we predict seismic hazards
Monitor Seismic graphs (especially in mapped hazardous areas)
Monitor fault lines
Groundwater changes
How can we prevent seismic hazards
Trigger earthquakes early with explosion
Lubricate the plates to reduce pressure
What is earthquake protection defined as
Modifying the built environment to reduce vulnerability
What are the 5 methods of earthquake protection
Hazard resistant structures
Education
Insurance and aid
In depth city planning
Tsunami protection
What is an example of a new hazard resistant structure
Steep profile buildings (like a cake)
What are some ways we can retrofit new structures
Rubber shock absorbers in foundations
Cross bracing to structure
Concrete weight ontop of building (counteracts stress) via computer
What are some ways we can educate people about earthquakes
Drills
Lessons on securing homes
How to pack a survival bag
What do the Red Cross suggest a survival bag should contain
Three days water and food
First aid kit
Tools (torch, battery)
How does insurance and aid protect from an earthquake
Insurance allows people to financially recover
Aid saves lives in dire situations
What are 3 types of in depth city planning
Fire prevention (seismic info cuts off gas in earthquake)
Emergency services (kit should be prepared and risk areas mapped)
Land planning (build most important buildings in low risk areas)
What are some examples of tsunami protection
Bottom pressure sensors measure water, and when they measure a tsunami , alarm systems should go off
Prevention walls are not useful
Give an example of a case study for this section
Haiti, Port au Prince
Give some context for the Haiti earthquake
In 2010, a magnitude 7 earthquake was released, sending out the power equivalent to an atomic bomb
What were the primary human effects of the Haiti earthquake
230,000 deaths
1.5 million homeless
Hole city flattened in 1 minute
50% of key government buildings collapsed
What were the secondary human effects of the Haiti earthquake
Lawless city (looting and violence)
1,500 people died from cholera
What were the primary and secondary physical effects of the Haiti earthquake
Ground shaking
Aftershocks
Liquefaction
What were the primary responses of the Haiti earthquake
RESCUE teams deployed
SECURITY - 16,000 UN troops
WATER - UK provided water purification tablets for 250,000 people
HEALTH - 100,000 consultations provided
SHELTER - 11,000 camps set up
What were the secondary responses of the Haiti earthquake
AID - $11.5 billion
INFRASTRUCTURE built up to new safe building codes by local people
ECONOMY AND FOOD moved to safer areas
Which earthquake prevention techniques did Haiti use before the earthquake
None
Which earthquake prevention techniques did Haiti use after the earthquake
Hazard resistant structures
City, land use planning
Education and aid
Which earthquake prevention techniques did Haiti use during the earthquake to prevent damages
Aid, rescue teams, security, food, water and shelter schemes
