3.1: Space perception Flashcards

1
Q

depth perception

A

ability to see objects as 3D (specialized distance perception, which is a specialized visual perception)

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2
Q

2 factors involved in seeing depth

A
  1. encoding of visual scenes in up-down left-right position

2. straight lines become curves on rent (euclidean coordinates)

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3
Q

principle of equivalent configuration

A

different shapes of objects but interpreted as same because of depth cues

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4
Q

monocular depth cues

A
only one eye needed
Occlusion 
Familiar Size 
Retinal Size 
Texture gradients 
angle of regard 
atmospheric perspective 
linear perspective 
relative distance to horizon 
shading 
motion parallax 
accommodation
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5
Q

occlusion

A

interposition: whatever in font is closer

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6
Q

Familiar size (size cues)

A

changes in familiar shape interpreted as reflecting changes in distance

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7
Q

retinal size

A

visual angle decreases with increasing distance

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8
Q

texture gradient

A

textured elements becomes smaller and tightly packed with distance

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9
Q

angle of regard

A

close and above/below our line of sights (angle of regard is less acute than when far away)

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10
Q

atmospheric perspective

A

farther is fuzzier because of water molecules in the air

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11
Q

linear perspective

A

illusion of depth by using parallel lines receding to a vanishing point

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12
Q

relative distance to horizon

A

things closer to horizon seem farther away

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13
Q

shading

A

shading makes 2d appear 3d

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14
Q

motion parallax

A

between us and fixation point move fast and opposite to our motion
past our fix point move slow and in same direction

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15
Q

accommodation

A

kinaesthetic information
ciliary muscles contract (Close objects)
ciliary muscles relax (far away objects)

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16
Q

binocular depth cues

A

2 eyes needed for cue
convergence
binocular disparity

17
Q

convergence

A

angle of convergence is more acute for near than far objects
Descarte angles
not useful past 2m

18
Q

binocular disparity

A

each is eye is separate from each other

creates a disparity

19
Q

horopter

A

distance at which you fixate produces imaginary circle. objects that fall on the circle of the surface show no difference in disparity

20
Q

veith muller circle

A

the circle of horopter

21
Q

diplopia

A

double vision
happens when dont fall on horopter
greater diplopia = further away from horopter

22
Q

crossed / uncrossed disparity

A

crossed : objects between us and horopter

uncrossed: objected beyond horopter

23
Q

empiricist position of space perception

A

perceptual ability is learned through experience
we learn to associated cues for distance with info about distance
Berkeley 1709
Support: Visual Cliff

retinal image is inffuficient = 2D
we convert it 3d because of info learned

24
Q

constructive theory of space perception

A

version of empiricist that is more modern
stimuli is ambiguous.
perceiver is a problem solver
distance perception = problem solving using experience

25
gibsonian approach
retina visual info is full of info stimulus contains all info needed DIRECT perception Gibsons ground theory
26
Gibsons ground theory
version of sibsonian approach | distance perception solely depends on texture gradient
27
What do we do with the two distance perception theories?
complementary. richness of info in stimuli used to solve problem of perception
28
computational approach
similar to constructive direct "we need some knowledge to perceive correctly" but "believes in richness of visual input
29
final perception of distance equals
visual input, input from experiences, input from Dif modules
30
size perception
size constancy requires consideration of retinal image as the size can change depending on distance
31
size constancy theories
algorithm theory: perceptual system takes distance into account relational theory: perceptual system uses size relation among objects to account for constancy
32
types of size illusions
``` muller-flyer (misapplied constancy) sander illusion (depth) ponzo illusion (linear perspective) horizontal-vertical illusion moon illusion (relational/mental sky dome) AMES-ROOM ```
33
Emmerts law
perceived linear size of object increases as its percieved distance increases