1.4 Hearing

Question 1

Equal Loudness Countour

Answer 1

adjustment of sound intensity to match intensity of standard tone . difficult to predict loudness based on frequency

Question 2

sound localization cues

Answer 2

interaural time difference, interaural intensity, phase difference

Question 3

interaural time difference

Answer 3

time it takes for sound to reach both ears

Question 4

interaural intensity

Answer 4

sound reaches both ears at different intensities due to sound shadow from head (HIGHER FREQ)

Question 5

phase difference

Answer 5

sound reaches two ears at difference phase angles (head is approximately 1 cycle of 4000Hz big) (SMALLER FREQ)

Question 6

cone of confusion

Answer 6

areas around head where sound within cone will send similar info to both sides of head

Question 7

fixing sound localization ambiguity

Answer 7

move head, how sound bounces on pinna

Question 8

pinna and sound localization

Answer 8

ridges and valleys and how they bounce the sound help encode localization

Question 9

sound distance cues

Answer 9

loudness, spectral composition, reverberation

Question 10

loudness

Answer 10

the louder the closer (better for close sounds)

Question 11

spectral composition

Answer 11

for complex sounds: higher freq sounds are absorbed in air more than low freq (far away sound lower)

Question 12

reverberation

Answer 12

more reverberant energy from sounds fa away

Question 13

auditory scene analysis

Answer 13

combinations of all sounds at any given point (Bregman)

Question 14

Auditory stream segregation

Answer 14

figuring out which sounds belong together, relies of perceptual organization

Question 15

perceptual organization principles

Answer 15

proximity, similarity, good continuation, closure, common fate

Question 16

proximity

Answer 16

distance between auditory features (grouped together when close) (temporal and pitch proximity)

Question 17

similarity

Answer 17

sounds similar in timbre, freq, and onset are grouped together

Question 18

good continuation

Answer 18

smoothly varying frequency vs harsh varying

Question 19

closure

Answer 19

restoration effect (completes fragments that already have good gestalt)

Question 20

phonemic restoration

Answer 20

restoration effect for speech sounds

Question 21

common fate

Answer 21

groups frequency components together when changes similar occur together (going up vs going down)