3.1 Resistance Training Flashcards
What is the force generated by a muscle of muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximum effort?
Strength
What is the work (force x distance) produced by a muscle per unit of time (force x distance/time), the rate of performing work
Power
What is the ability to perform repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time
Endurance
What is it called when the resistance load exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle resulting in improved muscle performance
Overload Principle
What is the concept that to improve a specific muscle performance element, the resistance program should match the constructs of that element
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID) Principle
What is it called when adaptive changes in the body’s systems in response to a resistance exercise are transient unless training-induced improvements are utilized
Reversibility Principle
What is this age related change in muscle performance called?
- bone mineral density is highly correlated with muscle strength and the level of physical activity across the lifespan
- physical activities and exercise performed in weight-bearing positions are recommend to minimize or prevent age-related bone loss and to reduce the risk of fractures or improve bone density
Osteopenia, Osteoporosis
What is it called when there is an increase in size of an indvidiual muscle fiber after 4 to 8 weeks
Hypertrophy
What is it called when proposed theories describe an increased number of muscle fibers; not well-supported in the literature
Hyperplasia
What is it called when there is transformation of Type IIX to Type IIA is common with endurance training
Muscle Fiber Type Adaptation
What is it called when the initial, rapid gain in the tension-generating capacity of skeletal muscle from a resistance training program is attributed largely to neural responses, not adaptive changes in muscle itself
Neural Adaptations
What is it called when there is a heavy resistance training have fewer capillaries per muscle fiber than endurance athletes
Vascular Adaptations
What is it called when tensile strength increases occur from resistance training; stronger ligaments and tendons may be less pone to injury
Connective tissue (tendon, ligament, muscle)
What is it called when bone mineral density is highly correlated with muscle strength and level of physical activity across the lifespan
Bone
What is the variation of intensity and volume during specific periods of resistance training
periodization
What is the greatest amount of weight or load that can be moved with control through the full, available range of motion (ROM) a specific number of times before fatiguing
Repetition Maximum (RM)
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Type of active-resistive exercise in which external resistance is provided by therapist or other health professional
Manual Resistance Exercise (MRE)
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Combines functionally based diagonal patterns of movement with techniques of neuromuscular facilitation to evoke motor responses and improve neuromuscular control function
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Static form of exercise in which a muscle contracts & produces force without an apprecialbe change in the length of the muscle & without visible joint motion
Isometric (static)
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Form of isometric exercise used to develop a submaximal but sustained level of co-contraction to improve postural stability or dynamic joint stability
Rhythmic Stabilization
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Form of dynamic exercise in which the joint angular velocity is predetermined and held constant by a rate-limiting device known as an isokinetic dynamometer
Isokinetic
What is this type of resistance exercise?
In which a limb moves through a ROM against a constant external load
Constant resistance
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Resistance equipment that uses a weight-cable system and asymmetrically shaped cam to impose varying levels of resistance
Variable Resistance
What is this type of resistance exercise?
Depends the length of the band as well as the direction of resistance relative to the moving body part
Elastic Resistance
What is this type of kinetic chain?
motions in which distal segment is free to move in space without necessarily causing simultaneous motions at adjacent joints
Open Kinetic Chain
What is this type of kinetic chain?
- Involves motions in which the body or proximal segments move on a distal segment that is fixed or stabilized on a support surface
- Movement at one joint causes simultaneous motion at a distal and proximal joints in a relatively predictable manner
Closed Kinetic Chain
What is this general precaution called?
Expiratory effort against closed glottis; must be avoided during resistance exercise
Valsalva
What is this general precaution called?
Occurs when the external resistance is too great for the target muscle to mange during exercise, substitute motions can occur
Substitution
What is this called?
Soreness that develops 12-24 hrs after vigorous resistance training, novel resistance training or any form of muscular overexertion
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
What is this type of training?
A system of dynamic resistance training in which a constant external load is applied to the contracting muscle by some mechanical means and then incrementally increased
Progressive Resistive Exercise (PRE)
What is this type of training?
Pre-established sequence or circuit of exercises targeting major muscle groups is preformed in succession at individual exercise station
Circuit Training
What is this type of training?
Performed at velocities that match velocities of movement of specific functional tasks
Isokinetic Training
