3.1. Job Design Flashcards
What is the Utility of Work Flow Analysis
o Must know work processes to identify when each work unit is properly staffed
o Allow orgs to identify opportunities to outsource, automate, or restructure jobs
o Increases efficiencies by reducing downtime or bottlenecks in work process
o Knowing work process will affect managerial roles
What is work flow analysis
o Identifies the output of work process, the activities involved, inputs, equipment, and human resources.
What is a job analysis?
the process of gathering information related to the activities performed on a job. Consists of Job description and job specifications (KSAOs)
What’s a job description?
list of tasks, duties, and responsibilities that a particular job entails
Key components:
* Job Title
* Brief description of the TDRs
* List of the essential tasks with detailed specifications explaining how to carry out each task.
Example: Lines you’d see on a resume. Emptying all garbage cans.
What are job specifications?
list of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) that an individual must have to perform a particular job.
Example: Knowledge of Tableau.
What are KSAOs
Knowledge – factual or procedural information (what is a job analysis)
Skills – level of proficiency at performing a particular task (conduct a job analysis)
Abilities – enduring capability to develop new K’s or S’s (intelligence)
Other – traits such as personality, values, or motivation (performance goal-orientation or extraversion)
What are the sources of information for creating a job analysis?
o Standardized sources
Measures apply across settings as much as possible, so they tend to concentrate on general characteristics.
Consistent, not specific, and low cost
O*NET or Dictionary of Occupational Titles
o Local questionnaires and interviews
Incumbents may talk up position.
Inconsistent, very specific, high cost
PAQ or Fleishman Job Analysis System
o Others
Observation, supervisors, critical incidents.
* What was missing during a big event?
How can you use a job analysis (what’s the utility)
o Recruiting – find necessary KSAOs.
o Selection – Use tools/Assess relevant KSAOs.
o Training Development – Identify K/S that should be taught.
o Compensation – determine fair pay based on job characteristics.
o Performance appraisal – communicating expectations about tasks.
Does a job analysis have an expiration date?
o Refresh every 3-5 years
o Include language that it may change.
What is Job (Re)Design?
the process of defining how work will be performed and what tasks will be required in each job or changing an existing job design. o To design jobs well you must: Know the job itself (through job analysis) and its place in the work flow (work flow analysis).
Motivational job design says jobs need to be made interesting resulting in…
Improved satisfaction
Increased motivation
Higher job performance
Lower absenteeism
What are the Hackman & Oldham Job characteristics?
STTAF
o Skill variety: extent to which a job requires a variety of skills to carry out tasks involved.
o Task identity: degree to which a job requires completing a whole, meaningful unit of work.
o Task significance: extent to which job has an important impact on lives of other people.
o Autonomy: Degree to which the job allows an individual to make decisions about the way work will be carried out.
o Feedback: extent to which a person receives clear information about performance and effectiveness.
What is job enlargement?
refers to broadening of the type of tasks performed (make jobs less repetitive and more interesting). Can be enlarged through job extension and job rotation.
What is job crafting?
employees craft their jobs by changing Task, Relational, and/or Cognitive boundaries to shape interactions and relationships with others at work. Ex. of cognitive - chef to culinary artist.
