3.1 Intro To Organic Flashcards
What is empirical formula?
The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
What is the definition of ‘saturated’?
There are no double bonds
What is a functional group?
The reacting part of the molecule
What is the skeletal formula?
Simplified organic formula which only shows the carbon skeleton and functional groupd
What takes precedence in naming over the number of carbon atoms?
The functional group (making it the lowest number)
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
- OH
What is the functional group of an aldehyde?
COH
What is the functional group of a ketone?
CO
What are the prefix and suffix used for Ketones?
Prefix- Oxo-
Suffix- -one
What are the prefix and suffix of an Aldehyde?
Prefix- Formyl-
Suffix- -al
What is an isomer?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms
What are the three structural isomers?
Chain,Positional and Functional
What is a positional isomer?
Location of the functional group changes
What is a functional group isomer?
The functional group is different
What is chain isomerism?
Length of chain changes/ usually adds methyl groups
What is a stereoisomer?
Two or more compounds that have the same structural formula but differ in arrangement of space
What causes stereoisomers?
The double c=c bond means the molecule can’t rotate
What is Z isomerism?
Both functional groups are above the double bond
If functional groups are different how is the larger group decided?
Via atomic mass
What is E isomerism?
Functional groups across the double bond
What is the formula of atom economy?
% atom economy = relative mass of desired product / sum of relative formula masses of reactants. X 100
What do curly arrows show?
The movement of a pair of electrons in a reaction mechanism
