3.1 Explain The Roles of Agencies In Achieving Social Control Flashcards
- judiciary
aims + objectives :
- make decisions about the law
- ensure trials are fair align with the human rights
- senior judges can interpret the law and make precedents for other courts to appeal
funding :
- this is decided following the recommendations of the senior salaries board
- salaries are higher for top firms
- £177m funding
- security of tenure
working practices :
- judges are sworn in taking an oath either an oath of allegiance or a judicial oath
- they are independent - they make decsions soley based on facts and evidence and have no influence
- police
aims and objectives :
- keep peace, maintain order, protect life and investigate crimes
- national and local reach - 45 territoral forces in the uk
- other services include british transport police and national crime agency
funding :
- 2/3 from government taxes, some from charged services and others from local council taxes
- funding fell by 19% in 2010-2018 - 20k less officers
- funding in 2020/21 was 15.2B
working practices :
- general beat duties
- can be special operations such as firearms, anti-terrorism and royal protection
- police powers set out in the police and criminal evidence act
- stop and search, arrest, detain, investigate, identify and interview
PSCO’s :
- help police by providing a visible presence - tackle anti social behaviour and have constables
- can give out fixed penalty notices, can demand info and wear uniform
- cps
aims and objectives :
- prosecutions which avoids bias
- values are to be honest, fair and independent
funding :
- majority comes from gov but needs to be approved by parliment
- 2016/17 - £500m
- can recover some costs from defendants
working practices :
- 13 areas across E+W
- head cps - director of public prosecutions
- apply code of practice
- e.g threshold test if insufficient evidence
code for cps :
- evidence test : - is there enough evidence which is reliable for a realistic prosecution
- public interest test :
- evaluate many questions and consider them in terms of the public’s interests
- threshold test : - suspect can still be charged even if there is insuffciet evidence but the crime is serious and needs immediate actions ( applies for suspects on bail risk )
- HM prison service
aims and objectives :
- provide punishment
- rehabilitate so that prisoners are returned as law-abiding in society
- philosophy : - keep custody of those committed by law
- aim to treat prisoners with humanity
- 4 values are purpose, humanity, openess and together
funding :
- most is in government raised taxes
- 2015 - £3.4B
- 2015 it was also £36k a year just to provide for 1 prisoner
working practices :
- 14 prisons across E+W - ran by high security companies
- divided into 4 categories - A,B,C,D
- A ( high risk + security )
- B ( high risk but to others )
- C ( lower risk )
- D ( low risk, open prison, waiting for their release )
privileges and behavior :
- when entering a prison they are given IEP’s which start from basic, standard, enhanced
- good behaviour needs to be shown generally and to staff in order for one to progress in these categories
- 2020 - found 1/2 of prisoners did not have enough ‘useful activities’ to help them properly rehabilitate
- may be due to a decrease in officers and increase in prison population
- national probation service
aims and objectives :
- statutory criminal justice service
- supervise risk of high profile offenders and support them back into communities
- believe anyone can change, promote social justice, recognise worth of the offender
funding :
- funded £4.6B
- supported by private businesses which provide services for rehabilitation
- but in 2020 this was stopped by the gov as there were many missed targets as 50m was spent without them actually helping enough prisoners
working practices :
- prepare pre sentences for courts
- manage premises of the offender
- assess offender for release
- communicate and prioritise victims of sexual offences and violent offences, those with a sentence longer than a year, those detained under mental health act
out of gov control
1. charities and pressure groups
not government funded, bring independence and they challenge / question benefits to the justice system
- rely on vol donations , support beneficiaries, help those in need and campaign to achieve social change
- prison reform trust - charity :
- established in 1982 - rely on voluntary donations
- aims and objectives are to decrease the use of prisons and increase the conditions for prisoners
- promote equality and human rights
example : out for good - enables prisoners to be responsible for their own decsions but focus solely on employment opportunities for prisoners after their release - howard league panel - charity
- established in 1866
- aim for less crime, fewer prisoners and to transform prisoners
- rely on voluntary donations, support from gov and media to achieve their aims of rehabilitation, better conditions, support for youth etc
- example : - books for prisoners 2014 - following the ministry of justice’s decisions to ban books for prisoners and small items by families, they campaigned to revoke this as books bring about education, well- being and help rehabilitation
- in 2015 it was partly revised but on certain conditions
