2.1 Explain Forms of Social Control

Question 1

internal forms of social control

Answer 1

1. moral conscience or superego
   - freuds psychoanalytic theory says we conform to societies expectations because out superego tells us to ( right and wrong )
   - develops through early socialisation
   - restrains the “animal” urges of the id
   - exercises self control and allows us to behave in a social acceptable way
2. tradition and culture
   - we accept the norms, values, and traditions of our own culture
   - allows ut to create our own set of moral principles
   - belonging to a community is important
3. internalisation of social rules and morality
   - socialisation is the process of internalising values reinforced into us by parents and wider social groups like teachers
   - therefore, we can form our own moral code
   - rationale ideology theory - people make choices and act on what is rationale and so it keeps us within the law

Question 2

travis hirschi social control theory

Answer 2

• explains why people dont commit crimes
• ppl need nurturing and care of bonds or attachment so that they develop a conscience

1. attachment
   - the more attached we are to a person, the more we care about their beliefs and so will respect their norms and wont break them
2. commitment
   - how committed is an individual to their conventional goals that they wouldn’t want to risk it and have less crime and so conform more
3. involvement
   - being involved in law-abiding and conventional activities that you dont have time or energy to even engage in crimes
4. beliefs
   - socialised to believe by the law that we wouldn’t want to break it

Question 3

external forms of social control

Answer 3

• pressure applied by agencies of social control
• agencies include : police, judges, cps, prisons, school, work , family etc
• sanctions ( informal or formal ) can include : cautions, fines, penalities, solitary confinement etc
• links all back to skinners operant conditioning theory and behaviour reinforcement
• negative, positive reinforcement and punishment, rewards

1. criminal justice system
   - idea of having legal sanctions and the threat of police, cps and their powers
   - they can prosecute you and work together to build a case and cps decides and fully controls your sentence and punishment etc
2. coercion
   - physical - can be violence by authorities or other people in power
   - non-physical - fear of stuff such as imprisonment, punishment etc and suspended sentence
3. fear of punishment
   - general deterrence - stops a person from committing by seeing consequences for others - min sentence, 3 strikes and out in usa
   - individual deterrence - direct punishment to the person to help deter them from comitting again
   - suspended prison sentence, conditional charge

control theory :
- again explains why people don’t commit a crime
- attachment to people and bonds leads to a moral conscience of people committing less crime because of their commitment, then this explains why insufficient bonds and attachment leads to crime