3.1 Development

Question 1

Development geography

Answer 1

the standard of living and quality of life of its human inhabitants

Question 2

Quality of life

Answer 2

the standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by an individual or group.

Question 3

Economic development

Answer 3

a measure of a country’s wealth and how it is generated (for example agriculture is considered less economically advanced then banking).

Question 4

How do we measure development?

Answer 4

Human factors:
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate
Poverty 
Access to basic services
Literacy rate
Male/female equality

Economic factors: 
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Gross National Product (GNP)
Economic growth
Inequality  of wealth
Unemployment rate
Inflation

Question 5

Composite development index

Answer 5

measures development based on more than one variable

Question 6

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer 6

a tool that measures and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development based on four criteria: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita.
Maximum value of 1.0

Question 7

What are the factors that affect the development of a country?

Answer 7

Physical:
Climate
Natural resources
Location
Natural hazards 

Political:
Trade
Corruption/poor management
War

Social factors:
Discrimination
Population

Question 8

Globalisation

Answer 8

the process by which the world is becoming interconnected as a result of trade and cultural exchange

Question 9

What are the effects of globalisation on economic activity?

Answer 9

• increased international trade
• a company operating in more than one country
• greater dependence on the global economy
• freer movement of capital, goods, and services
• recognition of companies such as McDonalds and Starbucks in LEDCs
• decreasing barriers to world trade
• international tourism
• increasing number of NICs
• rising levels of international migration

Question 10

Reasons that have caused globalisation?

Answer 10

Improved transport
Improved technology
Growth of MNCs
Improved communications
Free Trade Agreements
Global banking

Question 11

TNC

Answer 11

Transnational corporation; a firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment (FDI)

Question 12

What causes development gap between countries?

Answer 12

Physical:
landlocked countries develop more slowly than coastal ones
small island countries are more difficult to develop
tropical countries grow more slowly (poor health and unproductive farming), except for non-agricultural tropical countries
natural resources

Economic:
countries that welcome and encourage foreign investment develop more quickly
fast-growing countries have high rates of saving and low spending
good institutional quality (governance)

Question 13

What are the factors that affect inequalities within countries?

Answer 13

ethnicity and employment
education
land ownership

Question 14

Primary sector

Answer 14

concerns with the extraction of raw materials from air, land and water
e.g. fishing, farming

Question 15

Secondary sector

Answer 15

manufactures primary materials into finished products

e.g. manufacturing, assembling goods

Question 16

Tertiary sector

Answer 16

provides services to businesses and to people

e.g. schools, hospitals

Question 17

Quaternary sector

Answer 17

uses high technology to provide information and expertise

Question 18

The role of technology in global economic activity

Answer 18

• reduce the geographical barriers separating people and countries through the use of telecommunications systems
• use of transport systems and communication systems
• Internet: allow easy communication and management

Question 19

Environmental degradation due to globalisation

Answer 19

air pollution
deforestation
land degradation and desertification
contamination of water supplies
landscape change
declines in biodiversity

Question 20

Case study

Answer 20

NIKE (What is it; how is it a transnational corporation; positive and negative impacts has Nike had on the world)