1.1 Population dynamics Flashcards
List reasons for RISE in population.
- Traditions for larger families
- Improved water supply
- GM crops - the answer to world food shortages
- Better medicine leads to longer life expectancy
- Hope with cancer research ‘break-through’
- Millions of Indian children to get polio job
- Fall in infant deaths in LEDCs
- Record rice harvest in China
- Children needed to help with work
List the reasons for FALL in population.
- War breaks out in Gulf
- Fifth year of drought causes starvation in Ethiopia
- AIDS Virus: millions infected
- Birth control measures promoted in China
- Rice crop destroyed by monsoon
- Smaller families forecast in developed world
- Poor healthcare in third world countries
- African Harvest to fail
- Flu epidemic spreads
- AIDS cure still years away
What happens in the first stage of the Demographic Transition Model?
High fluctuating
- Little access to birth control
- Children die in infancy so parents have more to compensate
- Children are needed to work on the land
- Some religions encourage large families
- Poor diet, famine, poor hygiene
Describe the second stage of the Demographic Transition Model.
Early Expanding
- Improvements in medical care
- Improvements in sanitation and water
- Quality and quantity of food produced improves
- Decrease in infant mortality
- Transport and communications improve movements of food and medical supplies.
Describe the third stage of the Demographic Transition Model.
Late Expanding
- Increased access to contraception
- Lower infant mortality rates so less need for bigger families
- Industrialisation and mechanisation means fewer labourers required
- As wealth increases desire for material possessions takes over the desire for large families
- Equality of women means they can follow a career than just staying at home
Describe the fourth stage of the Demographic Transition Model.
Low fluctuating
- Rates fluctuate, but are stable, with ‘baby booms’ and epidemies of illnesses and diseases
Describe the fifth stage of the Demographic Transition Model.
- Status of women
- Later marriages because women can make decisions
- Reliable food supply
- Good health care
State reasons for high birth rates.
- Lack of sex ed
- Not enough access to contraception / birth control
- Children needed to work in order to support their families
- Early marriages
- High infant mortality
- Encourage large families
- No family planning
State reasons for low birth rates.
- Good medical care
- Later marriages
- Access to contraception
- Desire for material possession > large families
- No need for children labour = no need for big family
- Women rights increased - they can decide to have babies or not
- Legal age for marriage is higher
- Better sex ed
State the reasons for high death rates.
- Poor diet, famine, poor hygiene
- Many children die in infancy
- Bad health care
- Natural disasters
- Traffic accidents
- Sanitation
- Poor medical technology
- Not enough clean water
State the reasons for low death rates.
- Improved food / water and medical treatment
- Larger houses, disease harder to spread
- More doctors
- Advanced technology
- Transport and communications
- Longer life expectancy
- Lower crime rates
Name a country with a high rate of population growth + the reasons + effects + solutions.
Kenya (Africa)
- Falling death rates
- A high number of births per woman -> 4.6 children per woman
- Children needed to work
- Lack of sex ed & contraception
- No family planning
- Improvement in public health
Effects:
- Shortages of natural resources
- Lack of natural resources
- Too much for the country’s economic capacity
- Food production wouldn’t be able to catch up with the growth of the population -> poverty
- Starvation / famine
- The cost of housing and taxes go up
- Nature will be replaces with buildings
Solutions:
- Provide contraceptions and birth control (educate them on how to use and sex education)
- Equal education and job opportunities
- Raise awareness of the costs of overpopulation by campaigns
Name a country with a low rate of population growth + the reasons + effects + solutions
Russia (Europe)
- High death rate (15 per year)
- > High among males due to alcoholism
- > Bad health care system
- Abortion
- Immigration / Emigration
- Low birth rates
- > Women feel less courages to have children due to the high rate of alcoholism in men
- 1.3 births per woman
Effects:
- Labour shortage -> economy
- Overcrowding of cities
- Gender inequality
- Disproportionate aging
- Business gets shuttered
- Governments cut off spending
Solutions:
- Government policies to encourage births
- > Pays mothers $10,000 for the birth of a second child
- Women who gave birth on national day can win refrigerators or money
Name a country which is over-populated + the causes + effects + solutions.
Bangladesh (Asia)
- 40% if the population is underemployed.
- Poor governance and corruption
- High level of poverty
- Bangladesh is small and resource-poor
- Land is lost due to rising sea levels
Effects:
- 1062 people people km2 - twenty times the global average
- Living conditions lack base amenities
- 80% is situated on floodplains -> people move to higher land, increasing the already crowded nature
- Most families have to survive on extremely small plots of lands
Solutions:
- National and international efforts to improve the lives of the population have been registered
- The World Bank: the number of people in poverty had fallen from 63mill in 2000 to 47mill in 2010.
Name a country which is under-populated + the causes + effects + solutions.
Australia
- Much of the interior of the country is inhospitable
Effects:
- Population density: 3 per km2
- Resource-rich nation, exporting raw materials in demand on the global market (coal, iron ore, copper, gold, uranium)
- Potential for renewable energy
- Attract a high level of foreign direct investments
- Well-developed infrastructure and relatively high-skilled population which enjoys generally high income
- Unemployment rate: 5.2% (low)
Solutions:
- Pro-natalist policy
- Immigration policy
