1.2 Migration Flashcards
What is migration?
The movement of people from one location to another.
Describe what ‘temporary migration’ and ‘seasonal migration’ are.
Temporary migration: migration for a limited period, this might only be for a few weeks or even several years.
Seasonal migration: migration just for a particular season.
What is the difference between ‘forced migration’ and ‘voluntary migration’.
Forced migration: when people are forced to migrate e.g. civil war
Voluntary migration: when people freely choose to migrate e.g. for better weather
What are the causes of migration?
Push factors and pull factors.
Name some examples of push and pull factors.
Push factors:
- Adverse climatic conditions
- Intolerance
- Poor employment
- Low income
- Housing shortages
- Wars
- Natural disasters
- Shortage of food
Pull factors:
- Amenities
- Attractive employment
- Job prospects
- High wages
- Improved housing
- High standard of living
- Tolerance
- Family links
Name the positive impacts of international migration on countries of origin.
Positive:
- Emigration can ease the levels of unemployment and underemployment.
- Reduces pressure on health and education services and on housing.
- Return migrants can bring new skills, ideas and money into a community.
- Major source of income in some countries.
Name the negative impacts of international migration on countries of origin.
Negative:
- Loss of young adults workers who may have vital skills
- Ageing population in communities
- Migrants returning on a temporary or permanent basis may question traditional values, causing divisions in the community.
Name the positive impacts of international migration on countries of destination.
Positive:
- Increase in the pool of available labour may reduce the cost of labour to businesses
- Migrants may bring important skills to their destination
- Increase cultural diversity
- Reduce the rate of population ageing
Name of the negative impacts of international migration on countries of destination.
Negative:
- Taking jobs from people in the long-established population
- Significant change in the ethnic may cause tension
- Overpopulation -> affects environment
- Increased pressure on housing stock and services like health and education.
Name of the positive impacts of international migration on migrant themselves.
Positive:
- Wages are higher than in the country of origin
- Wider choice of job opportunities
- Greater opportunities for new skills
- Opportunity to learn a new language
- Support family members
Name of the negative impacts of international migration on migrant themselves.
Negative:
- Cost of migration can be high
- Separation from family and friends
- Problems settling into a new culture
- Illegal migrations can involve hazardous journeys
