3.1 changes in governance Flashcards
changes to royal household
Henry VII- used to restrict access to him and to collect and store income.
Henry VIII- staff- gentlemen of the privy chamber. were advisors. political hub
Mary- politically important women in chamber - influenced the queen.
Elizabeth- chamber decreased in importance. decsisons made formally through council not chamber.
changes to dry stamp
Henry VIII- kept by gentlemen- Seymour and Dudley controlled it in 1540s. altered his will in 1547
Edward: stamp controlled by privy chamber
Mary- kept under lock and key and not used by administrators
royal council under Henry VII
-from 1485- 1509, had 200 men
-included Richard’s men to secure position e.g. John Morton
-‘great councils’- gatherings of nobility and councilmen to consult nobility on war and tax
royal council under Henry VIII
-council left supported father’s policiy of no war
-within 2 years replaced by Wolsey
-Eltham Ordinances-Wolsey planned to decrease council from 40 to 20 men.
what was involved in the 1540 reform of the Privy Council?
-council turned Cromwell’s role into “chief minister”- all responsible for Wolsey and Cromwell’s work. no wielding of power in the same way.
-Cecil avoided the term, instead “queen’s secretary”
relationship between monarch and council after 1540
-Henry VIII- membership down to 20 from 120 before 1536
-Edward-larger council to govern country. Somerset undermined council and made own decisions. 1549 rebellion allowed northumberland to replace somerset and reassert council.
-Mary- only small core regularly active. average attendance in 1555 was 12.
-Elizabeth- continued trend
what were the powers of the council from 1540?
-could issue proclamations in monarch’s name without awaiting instructions
-didnt override monarch- e.g. travelled with Elizabeth
-as government expanded, so did their work so had to meet often
-e.g. 1520s-60s- met 3 times a week. 1590s- met every day sometimes twice.
what was the role of the church pre-1929?
-had its own hierachy
-beliefs in all aspects of people’s lives
-main source of education and a route to power and statues e.g. Wolsey born into butcher family but through church education became chief minister and chancellor.
why was the church criticised pre-1929
-humanists critcised its wealth and power
-such as corruption of fear of souls after death (indulgences)
-mass in latin- worhsippers couldnt understand
-this antagonism toward church also called Anticlericalism
how did the church retain popularity before 1929?
-the wealthy left money to priests in wills to pray for their souls
-biggest landowner in england
-tradtions part of every day life
-normal people made contributions to buy jewels e.t.c
how were church-state relations during the reign of Henry VII?
-tenstion when church undermined monarch’s power e.g. church’s rights over sanctuary and benefit of the clergy
-henry needed church support like support from god so upheld it except if it challenged his power e.g. overriding sanctuary laws to arrest henry stafford 1486
-anticlericalism sometimes expressed in parliament e.g. 1512 act to limit benefit of clergy.
how were church-state relations during the reign of Henry VIII?
-cordial in early years- secured Wolsey top level positions e.g. Archibishop York 1514 and Cardinal 1515
-Wolsey could control church and government so church lost some independence e.g. 1524-29 closed 30 corrupt monasteries to set up school
-Wolsey’s loyalties divided after 1929 with the annulment. fell from power
what were 1532 events leading to Act of Supremacy that restricted legal power of the English Church?
-Cromwell appointed chief minister. parliament used to put pressure on papacy for annulment
-Conditional restraint of annates- stopped payments to Rome- threatened english church
-Cromwell used anticlerical feeling to force clergy to submit and recognise Henry’s power as head of English Church.
-couldnt call convocation without permission
what happened in 1533 leading to the Act of Supremacy?
-Act of restraint of Appeals- stopped church court cases legal appeals being sent to rome
-first act to define henrys power
-used parliament to create statute law and therefore argued they had approval of subjects for actions
why was the 1534 act of supremacy a turning point in church state relations?
-allegiance of the clergy to henry and not papacy
-confirmed H as head of English church under English law
-act was statute law- gave authority and those who disobeyed could be punsihed. more powerful than proclomation
-reinforced royal power- subjects owed him obedience, not the pope.
-church priveleges abolished- financial, legal, doctrinal powers under Henry’s control
