31. Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards
What is autoimmunity thought to be due to the loss of?
Loss of Self-Tolerance.
Immunologic tolerance = a state of specific immunologic unresponsiveness induced by exposure to an (self) antigen
What antigens is the autoimmune response directed against in the following disorders: Hashimoto’s disease, Grave’s disease, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis?
x
What role do genetic factors play in autoimmunity?
x
What are four ways in which immune regulation can be impaired in individuals with autoimmune diseases?
x
What are three environmental factors that can play a role in the development of autoimmunity?
x
Rheumatic fever is caused by cross-reactivity of antibodies against streptococcal antigens with myocardial proteins in the heart. What is this an example of?
x
Over time, the immune response to an infectious agent may be expanded to include immune responses against self antigens. What concept does this refer to?
x
How might infectious agents like EBV activate immune responses of B cells to self antigens?
x
Males who have had a vasectomy can sometimes produce antibodies against their own sperm cells. What concept does this example illustrate?
x
What antigens is the autoimmune response directed against in the following disorders: Hashimoto’s disease, Grave’s disease, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis?
Hashimoto = thyroid proteins (Thyroidglobulin and TPO)
Grave’s = TSH receptor
Myasthenia gravis = acetylcholine receptors
Multiple sclerosis = myelin basic protein
Celiac disease = gliadin and tissue transglutaminase
Autoimmune Hepatitis = Liver Ags or Non-liver ags (smooth muscle)
Primary biliary cirrhosis = mitochondria
What role do genetic factors play in autoimmunity?
certain genetic factors make an individual more susceptible to developing an autoimmune disease
What are four ways in which immune regulation can be impaired in individuals with autoimmune diseases?
?
What are three environmental factors that can play a role in the development of autoimmunity?
- Hormonal influence
- Infectious Agents (molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, polyclonal B cell activation)
- Release of Sequestered (Cryptic) antigens
Rheumatic fever is caused by cross-reactivity of antibodies against streptococcal antigens with myocardial proteins in the heart. What is this an example of?
Molecular mimicry
Over time, the immune response to an infectious agent may be expanded to include immune responses against self antigens. What concept does this refer to?
Epitope spreading
