3.1. Alex II and reaction Flashcards
Assasination attempts
April 1866
Karakozov shot and missed.
Assasination attempts
1867
Polish Berlzowki shot and missed
Assasination attempts
April 1879
Soloviev shot and missed
Assasination attempts
Dec 1879
bomb planted on wrong train
Assasination attempts
Feb 1880
bomb in dining room of winter palace, Tsar late, killed 12
Education
Zemstva’s power was…
reduced and church regained control over rural schools.
Education
Who replaced liberal Golovin as minister for education?
Dmitry Tolstoy = Orthodox believer and felt tight control over education to erradicate western ideas.
Education
Higher gimnazii schools
ordered to follow traditional, classical curriculum.
* from 1871, only students from gymnazii could progress to uni.
Education
University
liberal cources replaced by traditional one, subjects that required critical thinking forced out, more censorship over student activity.
Opposition groups
- People’s will - determinded to use terrorist violence to achieve destruction of state.
- Marxists.
- Rihilism
- Populism - believed in agrarian socialism.
- Chaikovsky circle - dedicated to putting out propaganda
government
- replaced more liberal ministers w conservatives.
- Alexander Timashev as minister of internal affairs + Pyotr Shivalov as head of third sector.
- Around 1879-80 - believed violence and unrest may be caused by widening democratic consults - Loris-Melikov constitution.
Loris - Melikov constitution
- appointed minister of internal affairs.
- removed salt tax, released political prisioners, relaxed consorship.
- Reported recommended to Tsar, signed 13/03.
- 13th March 1880, peoples will concealed bombs. first 2 missed, 3rd killed.
Police, law and order
Pyotr Shuvalov
strengthened police, encouraged 3rd sector + increased ethnic minority percecution.
Police, law and order
Pahlen
ensured judical system made example of those accused of political agitation.
Police, law and order
1879, new governer generals were given…
= emergency powers to procecute in military court nd exile political prisoners.