3.1. Alex II and reaction Flashcards

1
Q

Assasination attempts

April 1866

A

Karakozov shot and missed.

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2
Q

Assasination attempts

1867

A

Polish Berlzowki shot and missed

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3
Q

Assasination attempts

April 1879

A

Soloviev shot and missed

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4
Q

Assasination attempts

Dec 1879

A

bomb planted on wrong train

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5
Q

Assasination attempts

Feb 1880

A

bomb in dining room of winter palace, Tsar late, killed 12

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6
Q

Education

Zemstva’s power was…

A

reduced and church regained control over rural schools.

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7
Q

Education

Who replaced liberal Golovin as minister for education?

A

Dmitry Tolstoy = Orthodox believer and felt tight control over education to erradicate western ideas.

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8
Q

Education

Higher gimnazii schools

A

ordered to follow traditional, classical curriculum.
* from 1871, only students from gymnazii could progress to uni.

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9
Q

Education

University

A

liberal cources replaced by traditional one, subjects that required critical thinking forced out, more censorship over student activity.

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10
Q

Opposition groups

A
  • People’s will - determinded to use terrorist violence to achieve destruction of state.
  • Marxists.
  • Rihilism
  • Populism - believed in agrarian socialism.
  • Chaikovsky circle - dedicated to putting out propaganda
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11
Q

government

A
  • replaced more liberal ministers w conservatives.
  • Alexander Timashev as minister of internal affairs + Pyotr Shivalov as head of third sector.
  • Around 1879-80 - believed violence and unrest may be caused by widening democratic consults - Loris-Melikov constitution.
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12
Q

Loris - Melikov constitution

A
  • appointed minister of internal affairs.
  • removed salt tax, released political prisioners, relaxed consorship.
  • Reported recommended to Tsar, signed 13/03.
  • 13th March 1880, peoples will concealed bombs. first 2 missed, 3rd killed.
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13
Q

Police, law and order

Pyotr Shuvalov

A

strengthened police, encouraged 3rd sector + increased ethnic minority percecution.

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14
Q

Police, law and order

Pahlen

A

ensured judical system made example of those accused of political agitation.

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15
Q

Police, law and order

1879, new governer generals were given…

A

= emergency powers to procecute in military court nd exile political prisoners.

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16
Q

Police, law and order

Open ‘show trials’ held to…

A

deter people from revolutionary activity, they backfired.

17
Q

Police, law and order

1878, political crimes transfered from civil to…

A

special secret courts.

18
Q

Police, law and order

Ethnic minorities

A

reactionaries argued them and their religions were diluting Russian strength.