31-3-402: Reporting Verbs, Have Done

Question 1

Reporting verbs

Answer 1

وقتی میخوایم یچیزی رو تعریف کنیم
* فعل باید گذشته باشه
سه تا دسته فعل داره و که هر دسته ساختار متفاوتی داره:
1) verb + infinitive (to + Base form)

agree, offer, promise, refuse,threaten

⭕️Jack offered to drive me to the airport
⭕️I promised not to tell anybody

2) verb + person + infinitive

Advise, ask, convince, encourage, invite, persuade, remind, tell,warn

⭕️The doctor advised me to rest
⭕️I persuaded my sister not to go out with Max

3) verb + -ing form

Apologize(to sb )for, insist on, accuse sb of, recommend, admit, regret, blame sb for, suggest,deny

⭕️I apologized for being so late
⭕️The police accused Karl of stealing the car

Question 2

Reported speech

Answer 2

*نقل قول هستش
*ما چند مدل نقل قول داریم:
۱) یکی یچیزی توی زمان حال گفته
۲)یکی چیزی بهمون قراره بگه
۳) یچیزی بهمون قبلا گفته

Rules:
1) Mary: “I am a teacher”.
* when we have “…” we don’t change anything in the sentence

2) Mary says that she is a teacher.
* when the reporting verb is present or future, we don’t change the tense, but we change the objects

3) Mary said that she was a teacher.
* when the reporting verb is past, we change the tense(one tense back) and change the objects

——-————–
Sentences:
1) simple present to simple past:
⭕️” I go out”
She said that she went out
2)present continuous to past continuous:
⭕️”I am driving home”
she told me that she was driving home
3) present perfect to past perfect:
⭕️”I have bought a new car recently”
She said that she had bought a new car recently
4)simple past to past perfect:
⭕️”I used your phone”
She said that she had used my phone
5)will/can/may/must to would/could/might/had to:
⭕️”she can sleep”
She said that she could sleep
6)past modals, end tenses, and if clauses never change
⭕️”I had to do my homework”
She said that she had to do his homework

———————-
Questions:

1) Y/N Questions:
(one tense back/ if or whether)
⭕️” Are you happy”?
She asked me if/whether I was happy or not.
2) WH Questions with to be verbs:
(one tense back/subject +verb)
⭕️what is your name?
She asked me what my name was?
3) WH Questions with auxiliary verb:
(one tense back/subject + verb)
⭕️where do you live?
She asked me where I lived

—————————-
بعضی وقتا هست که ازین کلمات استفاده شده و موقع تعریف کردنش باید تبدیل بشن به کلمات دیگه:
Now => Then
Today => that day
Tomorrow => The next/the following day
Yesterday => the day before/the previous day
Next week/month => the next/the following week,month
Last week/month => the day before/the previous week,month
Here => there
This => that
These => those

—————–
Tell somebody*

Say something*
—-———
Example:
I will come here again next week⭕️
She said that she would come there the following week

Question 3

Have sth done
get sth done

Answer 3

وقتی میخوایم بگیم یه آدمی یه کاری برای من انجام داده

⭕️ I took a photo of Rockefeller =
I had my photo taken at Rockfeller center

⭕️I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow
⭕️I had my car repaired after the accident

میتونیم به جای haveاز getهم استفاده کنیم
⭕️I’ m going to get my hair cut tomorrow