2-4-402:clauses Of Contrast And Purpose,uncountable And Plural Nouns,quantifiers:all,every,both,etc,articles

Question 1

Clauses of contrast and purpose:
Although,even though, though
Spite of,despite
To,in order to,so as to
For
So that
So as not to

Answer 1

Clauses of contrast:
1)although,even though,though
همشون معنی “با اینکه” میدن ولی چند تا تفاوت دارند
*though فقط وسط جمله میاد ولی دو تای دیگه میتونن اول یا وسط جمله بیان
* even though > although > though
از نظر قوی بودن این شکلی هست
* though informalتر هستش

⭕️Although the ad said it would last for years
⭕️I went to work even though I wasn’t feeling very well
⭕️I like Ann, though she sometimes annoys me

2) In spite of, despite
دو تاشون معنی با اینکه میدن*
* توی سه تا ساختار استفاده می‌شوند:
1- in spite of/despite + noun
⭕️inspite of/despite her age, she is still very active
2- in spite of/despite + verb in the -ing form
⭕️inspite of/despite being 85, she is still very active
3- in spite of/despite + the fact + subject + verb
⭕️inspite of/despite the fact that she is 85, she is still very activate

Clauses of purpose:
به معنی برای اینکه
1) to,in order to, so as to + base form
🌱in order to is more formal than others and use more in IELTS
⭕️I went to the bank to/in order to/ so as to talk to the bank manager.
2) for + a noun/ground
⭕️I went to the bank for a meeting with the bank manager
⭕️This liquid is for cleaning metal
3) so that + a subject + a modal verb
⭕️I went to the bank so that I could talk to the manager in person
4) so as not to/ in order not to
To express a negative purpose
⭕️ I wrote down what she said in order not to/so as not to forget it

Question 2

Therefore

Answer 2

I’m applying for English teacher job;therefore, my CV is attached
بنابراین

Question 3

Uncountable and plural nouns

Answer 3

Uncountable nouns
1)the following nouns are always uncountable
* behavior, traffic, weather, health, progress, scenery, trash, work, politics(and other words ending in -ics, gymnastics, economics) + singular verb

• can’t be used with a/an

⭕️The weather is fantastic
⭕️There is very little traffic

2) these uncountable nouns but they can use with “a piece of” to talk about an individual item
*piece of + furniture, information, advice, homework, research, news, luck, bread, toast, luggage,equipment
⭕️one useful piece of advice is to get a metro card.

3) some nouns can be either countable or uncountable but the meaning changes:
*glass
⭕️The new opera house is made mainly of glass
⭕️Can I have a glass of water please?
*Iron
*Business
*Paper
*Light
*Time
*Space
—————–
Plural and collective nouns
1) بعضی کلمه ها هستند که ذاتا جمع اند و اصلا مفرد ندارند
*Arms,guns,belongings ,clothes,manners,outskirts,scissors,pants, shorts + plural verb
🌱 if they consist of two parts, they can be used with “a pair of “ or “some”
⭕️my clothes are filthy
⭕️i’ll put on a pair of clean pants.

2)بعضی کلمه ها هستند که مفرد هستند ولی معنی یک گروه هستند
* crew, family, staff, etc + singular verb
*به جز کلمه policeکه باید plural verbبگیره

Question 4

Quantified:
All, every, most
no, none,any
Either, neither,both
Not only…but also

Answer 4

All, every,most
1)All/All of the + a plural or uncountable noun
*All=in general
*All of the =specific
⭕️All animals need food
⭕️All fruit contains sugar.
⭕️All of the animals in this zoo look sad.
⭕️the animals all look sad

2)everything, every body + singular verb
⭕️Everybody is here

3) most/most of
⭕️most people live in cities.

4) All/most of + an object pronoun
All of us, most of them, you, it
⭕️All of us work hard

5) every + singular countable noun =all of a group
⭕️Every room has a bathroom
⭕️I work every saturday
—————————————
None,no,any
1) ➕verb + no + a noun
فقط در جملات منفی استفاده میشه
⭕️ there is no milk

2)any
در جملات سوالی و منفی استفاده میشه
⭕️is there any milk?
⭕️there isn’t any milk
🌱اگه از any در جملات مثبت استفاده بشه به معنی هر میشه
⭕️come any weekend
⭕️anyone can come

3)none
در جواب کوتاه و جملات منفی استفاده میش
Is there any food?⭕️
No, none!/there is none. But none of us are hungry

Both, either,neither
1)both/ either + plural verb
2) neither + singular or plural verb
3) قبل فعل اصلی میاد ولی اگر فعل کمکی داشته باشیم بعد از فعل کمکی و قبل از فعل اصلی میاد
⭕️she and her husband both won prizes
⭕️she and her husband were both won prizes
⭕️neither Pierre more Marie was(were) aware of the dangers
⭕️Marie cruise wanted to study either physics or mathematics

Both/either/neither + of + object pronoun (them, you, us, it)

Both/either/neither + of the + noun

Not only … but also
نه تنها اینجوریه، بلکه اونجوریه
Not only this but also that
Not only I’m tired, but also I need to sleep

Question 5

تفاوت
Every day & all day

Answer 5

Every day=monday to sunday
هر روز

All day= from morning to night
کل روز

Question 6

Articles

Answer 6

a/an
1)sth we haven’t talked about before
⭕️I saw a man
2) what sth is
⭕️ It is a book
3) what someone is
⭕️he is a lawyer
4)what…!
⭕️what a lovely day!
5) expressions of frequency
قید تکرار، هر چند وقت یکبار
⭕️Once a week

———————————-——
The
1)sth we have talked about it before
⭕️The man was wearing a black coat
2) It is clear what we are talking about
⭕️open the window please
3)Unique things
⭕️The moon/ The sun/The Milad Tower
4)with places in a town
⭕️The movies/The drugstore
5) with superlatives
قیدهای بهترین
⭕️The best/The most beautiful

-—————————
No article
1)talk about sth in general
⭕️Girls talk more than boys
2)with some nouns
⭕️home/work/school
3)after at/to/from
⭕️at park/to class/from room
4)before meals
⭕️dinner/lunch
5)before days
⭕️thursday/monday
6)before months
⭕️June/August
7)before next/last
⭕️next week/last month

————————
Institutions
بعضی کلمه ها هستندکه اگه اشاره داریم یه اینکه توی اون مکان چه اتفاقی میفته نباید articleبگیره ولی اگه داریم در مورد ساختمونش صحبت میکنیم a/an/theمیگیره
*school, college, prison/jail, church,etc
⭕️My son is in high school
⭕️They are building a new high school in my town

——————————-
Geographical names
don’t use the:
1)most countries, continents, regions ending with the name of a country/continent
* North America, individual islands, States, provinces, towns,cities
به جز این مورد ها:
The US, the UK, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic,etc

2)roads, streets, parks, bridge, stores,restaurants
به جز این موردها:
Highways, numbered roads
The Trans-canada Hoghway, the 405

use the:
1)mountains ranges, rivers, oceans, canals, deserts, Island groups
2)the names of theaters, hotels, museums, galleries, buildings,monuments