3.1 Flashcards
What are the aims and objectives of the probation service?
-Rehabilitation and reintegration: rehabilitate offenders to better reintegrate into society and address root cause of behaviour
-Reducing recidivism: reduce likelihood of reoffending through support, guidance and interventions
-Supervision and monitoring: supervise offenders in the community, they comply court orders and offer support to prevent criminal beh
How is the probation service funded?
-Gov allocation: funded through the gov, provide resources for rehabilitation programs, salaries and operational costs
-Contracts and outbound services: occasionally services outsourced by third party organisations allowing specialised interventions
- £200 million a year by 2024-25 to provide offenders access to accommodation, treatment and employment support once leaving prison
-£155 million for new probation services 15% increase since 2019-2020
-£75 million by 2024-25 to expand use of GP’s enabled and alcohol abstinence monitoring electronic tagging of offenders
What is the philosophy of the probation service?
-Rehabilitative approach: belief in individuals to change and improve, rehab rather than discipline. Commitment to social justice, inclusion, equality and diversity
-Individualised support: recognises diverse needs of offenders so aims to provide tailored interventions based on offenders specific circumstances and risks
-Restorative justice: encourages accountability by involving offenders in making amends for prev action, repairing harm and reintegrating into the community.
What are the working practices of the probation service?
-Types of criminality: engage with offenders convicted of a wide range of crimes non violent to serious crimes to offering support
-Agency’s reach: providing service and support within communities on local level. Will collab with agencies on national level to share practices.
-Types of offenders: works with diverse groups, first time-offenders, repeat offenders, those on community service and offenders transitioning back to society.
What are the aims and objectives of the police?
-Maintaining law and order: ensure public safety, respond to emergencies, patrols, preventing crimes in communities, citizens feel secure and protected. Protecting life and property, preventing offences
-Crime prevention: engage in crime prevention initiatives, community policing programs. Neighbourhood watch. Educational schemes
-Enforcement of laws: investigating crimes, making arrests, collecting evidence and working with other agencies
How are the police funded?
-Gov allocation: police allocation formula measures the need for policing in areas to determine annual funding for police force. Receive funding from gov budgets allocated to maintain law enforcement, salaries, training
-Grants and special funding: additional funds through grants for specific initiatives like anti-drug, community outreach or tech advancements. Grant made by home office police grant report
-Stats: overall funding will increase by 0.7%. $92 million will be available for hotspot policing. Total funding for police and crime commissioners will increase by $810 million in march 2024.
What is the philosophy of the police?
-Pro-active engagement: identifying and addressing problems before they arise. Analyse crime patters, preventative measures, working with communities to find long term solutions
-Peels philosophy: police servants of the public and law. Relies in consent of public, uphold law with min force, embedded into police codes of ethics
-Community policing: partnership between law enforcement and community. Engage with citizens, build relationships collab to address concerns
-ethical standards: force - respect restraint and aid must be given. Adhere to codes of conduct, integrity, fairness and accountability. Chief constables are accountable
-Human rights act 1998: need to work in accordance with European convention of HR. Right to life
What are the working practices of the police?
-Types of offenders: juveniles, first time offenders, repeat offenders.
-Agency’s reach: primary focus local bit collaborate nationally and regionally. Tackle cross border crimes , coordinate in emergencies and participate in joint operations targeting major crime networks
-Types of criminality: address wide spectrum of criminal activities like petty theft, vandalising and assault to serious like murder, drug trafficking, organised crime and cybercrime
What are the aims and objectives of the judiciary?
-Impartial adjudication: fair and impartial resolutions of disputes and legal matters
-Upholding the law: interpret and apply law, proper implementation, principles of justice upheld
-Preserving rights: adjudicate in accordance with legal framework and due process
How is the judiciary funded?
-Gov allocation: budgets allocated for the operation and maintenance of the court system, salaries for judges and court staff
-Court fees: paid by litigant, contribute to operational costs. Spending on judiciary fell by 3.4% in 2022/23. Inflation means courts spending is expected to fall between 2022/3 and 2024/5. 41% is size of real terms decline in criminal legal aid and spending since 2011. $2.3 billion, amount spent on courts and tribunals service in 2022/3. $324 million to increase capacity
What is the philosophy of the judiciary?
-Independence and impartiality: judicial independence, judges decide based on law and evidence without bias
-Fairness and equality: fair and equal treatment to all indivs regardless of background
-Adherence to legal principles: operates on principles of legal precedence, stat interpretation and established legal principles.
What are the working practices of the judiciary?
-Types of cases: adjudicates a wide range of cases, civil to criminal, family, administrative law and constitutional issues
-Types of offenders: makes decisions based on guilt or innocence, sentencing in criminal cases based on evidence. All types of offences and offender except for least serious, dealt with by magistrates or cautions
-Agency’s reach: authority across England and wales. Ensuring application of law uniformly across regions. SC has nationwide jurisdiction
What are the aims and objectives of pressure groups?
-Advocacy and policy change: Nacro advocate for policy change to promote rehabilitation, reduce offending and support those with convictions.
-Social integration and support: give support guidance and resources to allow them to reintegrate
-Reducing discrimination: against those with criminal records, raise awareness and challenge stigmas and promote fair opps
How are pressure groups funded?
-Charitable donations: from others, grants from foundations and fundraising
-Gov contracts: receive funding from gov contracts for certain programs or initiatives
What is the philosophy of pressure groups?
-Advocacy for change: lobbying efforts and campaigns to influence policy makers and promote changes in justice system
-Empowerment and support: guidance, access to education, employment support, advocacy services to make pos changes
-Collaboration and partnership: collab with gov agencies charities and community organisations to develop effective strategies, share best practices and support reintegration
