2.1 Forms Of Social Control Flashcards
How is behaviour controlled in society today?
-Teachers controlling behaviour by rewarding children for correct answers, reprimanding them for talking
-Government control behaviour by creating new laws and enforcements, such as fines and prison
-Police control by giving cautions and fines and enforcing the laws
-Parents controlling by rewarding or punishing children
What are the internal forms of social control?
-Moral conscience
-Culture and tradition
-Internalisation of social rules and morality
Moral conscience (Freud)
-ID: links to small petty crimes, pleasure principle and unconscious, demanding of desires, doesn’t care about consequences
-Ego: conscious mind balancing the needs of the ID and Superego. Realistic and socially acceptable way.
-Superego: morality principle. Internalised parental figure. Links to larger crimes such as Sally Challen - overwhelmed superego,if over harsh then try to be perfect and stress and anger builds up then release as violent outburst. If weak then don’t have the power to override the ID. If deviant , internalised wrong morals.
Culture and Tradition
-What is meant by socialisation?
-What are the two types of socialisation?
-Process where individual learns the norms and values of society. Conforms to them.
-Primary socialisation through agents of social control like parents and teachers
-Secondary socialisation where learn universalistic values from wider society.
How do customs and traditions help transmit the values and norms of a society?
-Customs and traditions vary across cultures
-Around us 24/7, come from religion
-Learn from it as it influences society as a whole e
-eg Christmas
How do customs and traditions impact on behaviour?
-If more diverse behaviour then more tolerant to other traditions
-Surrounded by it so influences
What does internalisation of social rules mean?
-Accept and believe them, act in that way
-Make them our own
What does rational ideology mean?
-Making a decision by considering the norms and values
-Moral code and consider the impact it will have on society
-eg think abt the impact of a burglary on victim before committing it. May create guilt and prevent from offending.
What are the external forms of social control?
-Agencies of social control
-Coercion
-Fear of punishment
-Control theory
-Containment
Agencies of social control
-Social institutions exist externally but impact on us to create and re-create forms of socially desirable behaviour eg family and education
-Sanctions used to reinforce norms
-Agencies that control behaviours
What are 4 agencies of social control in the CJS and their role?
-Police: Arrest, detain, stop and search, questioning, caution, gather evidence, preserve life
-CPS: Charging role, full code test (evidential and public interest) decide if enough to prosecute
-Judges and magistrates: decide sentence and orders like probation, mag: guilt/innocence, volunteers, max 12 months for 1 offence. Judges give sentences eg life
-Prison: keep prisoners in to keep public safe, Have to keep prisoners safe from each other, help to rehabilitate
Coercion (definition and example cases)
-Use of force to achieve a desired outcome
*Colin Stagg: tried to coerce into admitting murder of Rachel Nickell through honey trap
*Bham 6: interviews, no breaks, long hours
How is coercion used and who by?
-Used by external agencies to control
-Threaten or use force, physical or psychological
-Physical: bodily injury, imprisonment
-Psych: financial control, strike, boycott
How does coercion prevent further crime?
-Prisons use coercion and threat of loss of liberty (suspended sentence eg going back to prison looms)
What is fear of punishment called?
-Use of punishment as threat to stop people offending called deterrence
What do right realists argue surrounding fear of punishment?
-The fear of being caught and punished is what ensures people obey law
Definition of deterrence and its two types
-Form of coercion. If you commit an offence then you may be arrested or jailed which puts you off doing it again
-Individual: punishment imposed on offenders to deter from further crimes (cond discharge, susp sentence)
-General: aimed at everyone, use other people as examples. Fear prevents others committing similar crimes eg length prison sentence, they see consequences and don’t commit. “Getting tough on policies” - mandatory min life sentence for murder
What is control theory? What theory is it linked to?
-Theory that tries to explain why people DON’T commit crimes
-Functionalism
What did Travis Hirschi say regarding control theory?
-Delinquent acts occur when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken
What are the 4 elements that re vital in creating a bond between individual and wider society?
-Attachment
-Commitment
-Involvement
-Beliefs
Attachment
-More attached we are to others, more care about what they think of us, respect their norms. Less likely to break them (eg attachment to parents and teachers)
Commitment
-More committed we are to conventional lifestyle then are risking more by doing crime, more likely to conform.
Involvement
-More involvement in conventional law abiding activities like studying or port then less time and energy for crime. Youth clubs can prevent crime
Beliefs
-If we are socialised to believe right to obey law then less likely to break
