3.1

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

Ability to do work

Question 2

What is metabolisim?

Answer 2

the sum of all chemical reactions occurring a living cell or organism is termed its metabolism

Question 3

Anabolic reactions

Answer 3

The metabolic reactions that build larger molecules from smaller molecules or atoms

Question 4

Catabolic reactions

Answer 4

Those reactions that break large molecules down into smaller molecules or atoms

Question 5

The basic currency of energy in eukaryotic cells is

Answer 5

glucose

Question 6

What is a calorie

Answer 6

is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C

Question 7

1 cal=

Answer 7

4.184 kJ

Question 8

Daily energy requirements, for basic body functions, such as breathing, digesting, and thinking can be calculated using

Answer 8

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 9

What is the resting metabolic rate RMR

Answer 9

represents the amount of energy used by a person at rest over 24 hour period

Question 10

Type 3 diabetes usually results from:

Answer 10

1. The pancreas’s gradual inability to produce insulin
2. Cells becoming resistant to absorbing glucose, a type of sugar, from the blood
3. Individuals with the lack of ability to control blood sugar levels

Question 11

High levels of blood glucose over time can cause many health problems in a variety of areas, including:

Answer 11

cardiovascular system, kidney, nerves, feet, eyes, bones, joint, skin problems, digestive problems, sexual dysfunction, teeth and gum, premature death

Question 12

Medical research has shown that chronically high blood glucose levels are responsible for most new cases of Type 2 diabetes. This is because chronically high blood glucose levels:

Answer 12

reduce the ability of cells to respond to insulin
reduce the pancreas’s capacity to make sufficient insulin.

Question 13

Obesity can lead to many health problems including:

Answer 13

cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, arthritis, gall bladder dysfunction, and reproductive disorders.

Question 14

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 14

dividing your weight (in kilograms) by the square of your height (in meters).

Question 15

The risk factors that could lead to circulatory system diseases include:

Answer 15

high blood pressure
high cholesterol
diabetes
smoking
stress
excessive alcohol consumption
physical inactivity
being overweight

Question 16

What causes stroke?

Answer 16

interruption of blood flow

Question 17

What re dietitians?

Answer 17

are experts in food and nutrition, counsel individuals, families, and communities and work as integral parts of family health-care networks. They often work in health-care institutions, such as retirement homes and hospitals, or may work for food production companies or as university professors, researching improvements in diet.

Question 18

What is the Law of the Conversation of Energy?

Answer 18

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another

Question 19

What are two types of energy?

Answer 19

1 kinetic energy: causes objects to move
2. Potential energy is energy that is stored for later use

Question 20

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 20

states that energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The amount of energy in the universe is always conserved.

Question 21

What is the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

The second law of thermodynamics states that the disorder (called “entropy”) in the universe is always increasing. Each time energy is used, some will be converted (“lost”) to heat (random motion).

Question 22

What are endergonic reactions =

Answer 22

reactants have less energy than products require energy

Question 23

What are exergonic reactions?

Answer 23

reactants have more energy stored in their bonds than their products release energy

Question 24

Substances that are oxidized are called

Answer 24

reducing agents because they cause the reduction of other substances

Question 25

Substances that are reduced are called

Answer 25

oxidizing agents

Question 26

reduced molecules or atoms are raised to _________ energy levels and oxidized molecules or atoms have ___________ energy levels.

Answer 26

higher/lower

Question 27

Reduced molecules or atoms are raised to higher energy levels because

Answer 27

electrons repel each other

Question 28

What are specialized molecules>

Answer 28

called energy carriers or coenzymes become reduced and oxidized as electrons are shuttled from one enzyme to the next through metabolic pathways, delivering or harvesting energy at each stage.

Question 29

All aspects of metabolism require energy, including:

Answer 29

Active transport
Production of complex molecules like sugars and proteins
Provision of activation energy for chemical reactions

Question 30

In living things, energy is carried and released by a special molecule called

Answer 30

adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 31

A mole of ATP stores and releases __ kJ of energy which is less than 2% of the energy available in the 3,012 kJ/mol of glucose.

Answer 31

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