3.1 Flashcards
What is energy?
Ability to do work
What is metabolisim?
the sum of all chemical reactions occurring a living cell or organism is termed its metabolism
Anabolic reactions
The metabolic reactions that build larger molecules from smaller molecules or atoms
Catabolic reactions
Those reactions that break large molecules down into smaller molecules or atoms
The basic currency of energy in eukaryotic cells is
glucose
What is a calorie
is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1C
1 cal=
4.184 kJ
Daily energy requirements, for basic body functions, such as breathing, digesting, and thinking can be calculated using
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
What is the resting metabolic rate RMR
represents the amount of energy used by a person at rest over 24 hour period
Type 3 diabetes usually results from:
- The pancreas’s gradual inability to produce insulin
- Cells becoming resistant to absorbing glucose, a type of sugar, from the blood
- Individuals with the lack of ability to control blood sugar levels
High levels of blood glucose over time can cause many health problems in a variety of areas, including:
cardiovascular system, kidney, nerves, feet, eyes, bones, joint, skin problems, digestive problems, sexual dysfunction, teeth and gum, premature death
Medical research has shown that chronically high blood glucose levels are responsible for most new cases of Type 2 diabetes. This is because chronically high blood glucose levels:
reduce the ability of cells to respond to insulin
reduce the pancreas’s capacity to make sufficient insulin.
Obesity can lead to many health problems including:
cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, arthritis, gall bladder dysfunction, and reproductive disorders.
How is BMI calculated?
dividing your weight (in kilograms) by the square of your height (in meters).
The risk factors that could lead to circulatory system diseases include:
high blood pressure
high cholesterol
diabetes
smoking
stress
excessive alcohol consumption
physical inactivity
being overweight
What causes stroke?
interruption of blood flow
What re dietitians?
are experts in food and nutrition, counsel individuals, families, and communities and work as integral parts of family health-care networks. They often work in health-care institutions, such as retirement homes and hospitals, or may work for food production companies or as university professors, researching improvements in diet.
What is the Law of the Conversation of Energy?
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another
What are two types of energy?
1 kinetic energy: causes objects to move
2. Potential energy is energy that is stored for later use
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
states that energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The amount of energy in the universe is always conserved.
What is the second law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics states that the disorder (called “entropy”) in the universe is always increasing. Each time energy is used, some will be converted (“lost”) to heat (random motion).
What are endergonic reactions =
reactants have less energy than products require energy
What are exergonic reactions?
reactants have more energy stored in their bonds than their products release energy
Substances that are oxidized are called
reducing agents because they cause the reduction of other substances
