2.4 Investigating cell transport Flashcards
What is another name of specialized?
organells
Fluid substance in a cell that supports the organelles
cytoplasm
Small units that perform specialized functions within a cell
organelles
Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell, and allows the exchange of food and gases
cell membrane
The control center of the cell
Nucleus
Located within the nucleus and manufactures ribosome parts
Nucleolus
Manufacture proteins in the cell
Ribosomes
It acts as a passageway for materials moving to and from different parts of the cell and connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum
Packages proteins and secretes them from the cell
Golgi bodies
The powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Provide storage areas for food, minerals, and water
Vacuoles
Contain digestive enzymes that help to break down food molecules
lysosomes
Pipe-like structures that provide shape and support for cell movement
microfilaments
Protein-rich rods that provide pathways for organelle movement
microtobules
Paired structures involved in animal cell division
centoiles
Is used to help the cell move (swim) around
flagella
Fine hairs on the cell’s surface
cilia
What makes up the cell membrane?
phospholipids
What are phospholipids contained of?
head containing a phosphate group (hydrophilic)
long tail made up of two fatty acids (hydrophobic)
Why is the phosphate head soluble?
Because of the PO4 which has a region of positive charge and a region of a negative charge, making the head end attracted to water
What causes the slight bend in one of the fatty acid molecule?
the double bond making it unsaturated
Why can the proteins and cholesterol insert inside the cell membrane>
Because of the bends in the lipid layer
What are some functions of cholesterol?
- Since its free to drift around they fix any breaks in the membrane
- It also helps maintain the fluid condition of the bilayer in different temp conditions
What does a cholesterol molecule do when its cold>
Cholesterol keeps the phospholipids apart
What does a cholesterol molecule at warm temperatures?
attracts the phospholipids
The proteins are called ________ in lipid layers?
integral proteins because they are embedded in the membrane and function as channels for ions and other molecules in and out of the cell
Why is it called fluid-mosaic when referring to a cell membrane?
Its called mosaic because the membrane contains several kinds of molecules embedded in it.
What are glycoproteins?
Are proteins that are attached to a carbohydrate that act as receptor sites for hormones and aid in the cell’s adhesion to other cells.
Cell membranes are selectively permeable because most living membranes are able to control what passes through them.
true
There are three processes by which molecules move in and out of the cell:
- Passive transport
- Active transport
- The use of vesicles to move very large molecules around
What is passive transport?
The movement of materials across a cell membrane without using any of the cell’s energy
What are the three types of passive transport?
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion
Where does diffusion occurs faster?
More rapidly in a gas than a liquid
What does Isotonic mean?
When the concentration of solutes in fluid surround the cell is same as the cell cytoplasm (EQUILLIBRIEM)
What does hypertonic mean?
When water moves out of the cell
What does hypotonic mean?
When water moves in the cell
How can we measure the osmotic potential of solutions?
By an osmometer which consists of a tube with a permeable membrane at one end
What are three important roles of active transport?
It allows the cell to bring in and store nutrients that are already in high conc. inside the cell
What are three important roles of active transport?
- It allows the cell to bring in and store nutrients that are already in high conc. inside the cell
- Removes harmful waste products from the intracellular enviroment
- Used for homeostasis (temp is maintained)
Describe the process of active transport?
- An ion is drawn onto the transport protein
- ATP is used to move the ion through the membrane
- The ion is released inside on the other side of the membrane where its conc. is higher.
The cell uses a special method to move these molecules so that they do not have to pass through the phospholipid bilayer called
vesicles
What is endocytosis
is the process by which cells ingest (take in) large materials. A portion of the cell (plasma) membrane surrounds the material to be transported into the cell.
What are the three types of extracellular
- Phagocytosis (cell eating)
- Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
- Receptor mediated endocytosis (when receptors to recognize and bind molecules before they are ingulfed)
