30 Renal Physiology

Question 1

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

What does the loop of Henle include?

Answer 2

Proximal straight tubule, descending thin limb, ascending thin limb, ascending thick limb, post macular segment

Question 3

what is the equation for single nephron glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 3

SNGFR=Kf ( deltaP - [pi] )

Question 4

T/F: The urine is iso-osmotic with blood in the distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 4

F; it is iso-osmotic in the proximal tubule

Question 5

where does most of the potassium reabsorption take place?

Answer 5

proximal tubule

Question 6

what percentage of Na, H2O, and bicarb is absorbed in the prozimal tubule?

Answer 6

65%

Question 7

what substances are actively secreted into the urine in the proximal tubule?

Answer 7

organic acids and bases

Question 8

what is the driving force for transport in the proximal tubule?

Answer 8

Na/K ATPase in the basolateral membrane

Question 9

Question 10

For both kidneys, about how much fluid do both kidneys filter out of the blood in a minute? How much urine do they produce in a minute?

Answer 10

120ml/minute filtered out; 1 ml/minute urine

Question 11

what percentage of total body energy does reabsorption in the kidneys require?

Answer 11

7%

Question 12

Specialized epithelial cells at the distal end of the ascending thick limb are called _____.

Answer 12

the macula

Question 13

What does the macula sense?

Question 14

What do the cells of the macula do if they sense that NaCl concentration is too high? what is this process called?

Answer 14

send a signal to the afferent arteriole to redule blood flow; tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 15

T/F: K diuresis is self limiting due to tubuloglomerular feedback

Answer 15

F, Na diuresis

Question 16

is urine, hypo, iso, or hypertonic in the DCT?

Answer 16

hypotonic

Question 17

T/F: the DCT transports both wather and NaCl

Question 18

which area of the nephron is the diluting segment?

Answer 18

DCT

Question 19

Where does urea leave the nepron?

Answer 19

distal collecting duct only

Question 20

what is a diuretic?

Answer 20

drug that increases solute

Question 21

what is an aquaretic?

Answer 21

something that increases excretion of water but not of solutes (dilutes urine)

Question 22

what is a natriuretic?

Question 23

what is a saluretic?

Answer 23

something that increases the excretion of NaCl

Question 24

What is a Kaliuretic?

Answer 24

something that increases excretion of potassium