23 General Anesthesia II Flashcards
Midazolam is what type of drug?
a benzodiazepine
Frequently Midazolam is given as a premedication for anesthesia because it has what effect?
It has an Anti-anxiety effect as well as an amnesia effect
What is an induction in anesthesia?
initiation of unconsiousness in preparation for intubation.
An induction agent is generally combined with what ?
a muscle relaxant
T/F Most induction agents enter the tissues, then go to the brain because it takes longer to cross the BBB?
False, they go to the brain first then disperse to the tissues.
During a surgery using general anesthesia, there is a “balanced” technique using 3 major drugs which are?
1) Volatile anesthetic
2) muscle relaxant
3) Opioid
T/F When the patient is emerging from general anesthesia, antagonistic drugs are given to help the person regain consciousness?
False, only when the patient is having difficulty waking up.
When do the side effects of the anesthetics diminish or abate?
during the recovery period
Which drug is considered the newest anestetic induction agent?
Propofol. This is the micheal jackson drug.
What is propofol dissolved in?
intralipid
T/F Propofol has a very little hangover effect?
TRUE
What do you give a person that has been overdosed with propofol?
Nothing. There is no antagonist for this drug. You can only maintain life support.
Can Propofol be used for induction, maintenance, or both?
Both
What is etomidate?
an intravenous induction agent
What does etomidate do to your breathing?
depresses it
what does etomidate do to your cardiovascular system?
Nothing, it does not depress it.
T/F Etomidate, propofol, ketamine, and barbituates do not have reversal agents (antagonists) in case of an overdose?
TRUE
Ketamine works on which receptors?
NMDA receptor (It’s an antagonist)
T/F Ketamine depresses both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?
False, it does not depress either one.
Ketamine is used as a_______ for general anesthesia?
induction agent
Ketamine produces which 3 effects?
sedation
amnesia
analgesia
T/F Ketamine is a phenylcyclidine derivative?
TRUE
Methohexital is considered to be a?
Oxybarbiturate
Thiopental is considered to be a?
Thiobarbiturate
Barbiturates are used for?
intravenous induction of general anesthesia
Do barbiturates act fast of slow?
Fast on the brain
How do barbiturates act of the respiratory drive?
they cause respiratory depression
T/F barbiturates are considered highly soluble lipids?
TRUE
How long does it take for you to recover from a barbiturate anesthetic?
5-8 min
why is the recovery from barbiturates so quick
It is due to the quick redistribution of the drug from the brain to other tissues
GABA receptors are considered?
Inhibitory
Midazolam, diazepam, and lorazipam are all types of which class of drug?
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazapines are used as a premedication for general anesthesia because they cause?
sedation and amnesia
do bensodiazapines causes respiratory depression?
yes
Can you reverse (antagonize) a benzodiazepine?
Yes, you use flumazenil.
Morphine is a benchmark drug that is used as a?
analgesic
What does fentanyl do?
Its an opioid so it is used for analgesia
Is the drug fentanyl fast onset? lipid soluble? antagonizable?
1) very quick onset
2) lipid soluble
3) can be antagonized by naloxone
Fentanyl is generally used in anesthesia as a premedication but it can also have an effect on the MAC of anesthetics. What does it do with the MAC?
It decreases the MAC of volatile anesthetics.
What does fentanyl do to the blood pressure?
nothing really.
