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2 Pharm Unit > 23 General Anesthesia II > Flashcards

23 General Anesthesia II Flashcards

1
Q

Midazolam is what type of drug?

A

a benzodiazepine

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2
Q

Frequently Midazolam is given as a premedication for anesthesia because it has what effect?

A

It has an Anti-anxiety effect as well as an amnesia effect

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3
Q

What is an induction in anesthesia?

A

initiation of unconsiousness in preparation for intubation.

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4
Q

An induction agent is generally combined with what ?

A

a muscle relaxant

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5
Q

T/F Most induction agents enter the tissues, then go to the brain because it takes longer to cross the BBB?

A

False, they go to the brain first then disperse to the tissues.

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6
Q

During a surgery using general anesthesia, there is a “balanced” technique using 3 major drugs which are?

A

1) Volatile anesthetic
2) muscle relaxant
3) Opioid

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7
Q

T/F When the patient is emerging from general anesthesia, antagonistic drugs are given to help the person regain consciousness?

A

False, only when the patient is having difficulty waking up.

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8
Q

When do the side effects of the anesthetics diminish or abate?

A

during the recovery period

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9
Q

Which drug is considered the newest anestetic induction agent?

A

Propofol. This is the micheal jackson drug.

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10
Q

What is propofol dissolved in?

A

intralipid

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11
Q

T/F Propofol has a very little hangover effect?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What do you give a person that has been overdosed with propofol?

A

Nothing. There is no antagonist for this drug. You can only maintain life support.

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13
Q

Can Propofol be used for induction, maintenance, or both?

A

Both

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14
Q

What is etomidate?

A

an intravenous induction agent

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15
Q

What does etomidate do to your breathing?

A

depresses it

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16
Q

what does etomidate do to your cardiovascular system?

A

Nothing, it does not depress it.

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17
Q

T/F Etomidate, propofol, ketamine, and barbituates do not have reversal agents (antagonists) in case of an overdose?

A

TRUE

18
Q

Ketamine works on which receptors?

A

NMDA receptor (It’s an antagonist)

19
Q

T/F Ketamine depresses both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

A

False, it does not depress either one.

20
Q

Ketamine is used as a_______ for general anesthesia?

A

induction agent

21
Q

Ketamine produces which 3 effects?

A

sedation
amnesia
analgesia

22
Q

T/F Ketamine is a phenylcyclidine derivative?

A

TRUE

23
Q

Methohexital is considered to be a?

A

Oxybarbiturate

24
Q

Thiopental is considered to be a?

A

Thiobarbiturate

25
Q

Barbiturates are used for?

A

intravenous induction of general anesthesia

26
Q

Do barbiturates act fast of slow?

A

Fast on the brain

27
Q

How do barbiturates act of the respiratory drive?

A

they cause respiratory depression

28
Q

T/F barbiturates are considered highly soluble lipids?

A

TRUE

29
Q

How long does it take for you to recover from a barbiturate anesthetic?

A

5-8 min

30
Q

why is the recovery from barbiturates so quick

A

It is due to the quick redistribution of the drug from the brain to other tissues

31
Q

GABA receptors are considered?

A

Inhibitory

32
Q

Midazolam, diazepam, and lorazipam are all types of which class of drug?

A

Benzodiazepines

33
Q

Benzodiazapines are used as a premedication for general anesthesia because they cause?

A

sedation and amnesia

34
Q

do bensodiazapines causes respiratory depression?

A

yes

35
Q

Can you reverse (antagonize) a benzodiazepine?

A

Yes, you use flumazenil.

36
Q

Morphine is a benchmark drug that is used as a?

A

analgesic

37
Q

What does fentanyl do?

A

Its an opioid so it is used for analgesia

38
Q

Is the drug fentanyl fast onset? lipid soluble? antagonizable?

A

1) very quick onset
2) lipid soluble
3) can be antagonized by naloxone

39
Q

Fentanyl is generally used in anesthesia as a premedication but it can also have an effect on the MAC of anesthetics. What does it do with the MAC?

A

It decreases the MAC of volatile anesthetics.

40
Q

What does fentanyl do to the blood pressure?

A

nothing really.

2 Pharm Unit (17 decks)

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