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2 Pharm Unit > 19 Opioids 1 > Flashcards

19 Opioids 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F endogenous opioid peptides exist?

A

True.

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2
Q

List the opioid receptors? What is their mechanism of action?

A
  • mu, delta, kappa

- G-protein

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3
Q

How do opioids relieve pain?

A

Reduce sensitization due to injury

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4
Q

What are classic opioid side effects? (5) and less classic ones? (9) (just get familiar w/ them, not memorize)

A
  • sedation
  • constipation
  • respiratory depression
  • nausea
  • vomiting

-euphoria, antitussive, inhibit sex hormone, miosis, itch, bradycardia, vasodilation, GI spasm, seizures

[generally: depresses pain, wakefulness, heart, lungs, & GI]

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5
Q

What is tolerance? Dependence?

A
  • need greater dose

- physical:need dose or go into withdrawal. psych: “need” it

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6
Q

3 cardinal signs of opioid intoxication? (relate to the side effects)

A

respiratory depression, stupor/coma, miosis (constriction)

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7
Q

What does he want you to know about pain not managed by opioids?

A

we prescribe enough opioids but don’t manage the psychological aspect of pain. Also opioids don’t help much during physical activity

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8
Q

Analgesia definition?

A

absence pain w/o loss of consciousness

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9
Q

Narcotics defined legally? medically?

A
  • Illegal

- opioid

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10
Q

Pain is due to?

A

tissue damage, directly related in intensity

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11
Q

what kind of pain med is most effective against motivation-affective pain?

A

Opioids!

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12
Q

What are the most efficacious pain meds?

A

Opioids!

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13
Q

What happens as opioid dose increases?

A

side effects exceed pain relief

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14
Q

T/F endogenous opioids are generally specific for 1 type of receptor (mu, delta, kappa)?

A

False. (he said “don’t need to know which goes to which receptor for the test”)

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15
Q

Mu receptors produce what functions? (integration “global” card, don’t mem. list 8)

A

sedation, analgesia, dependence, respiratory depression, miosis, drops GI motility, vasodilation, euphoria

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16
Q

Kappa receptors produce what functions? (integration “global” card, don’t mem. list 7)

A

analgesia, anticonvulsant, delirium, diuresis, dysphoria, miosis, sedation

17
Q

Delta receptors produce what function? (global card don’t mem. list 4)

A

analgesia, antidepressant, convulsant, physical dependence

18
Q

What unique effect do delta receptors have? (2)

A

convulsant & antidepressant

19
Q

What unique effect do kappa receptors have? (3)

A

anticonvulsant, delirium, dysphoria

20
Q

What unique effect do mu receptors have? (4)

A

respiratory depression, euphoria, drops GI motility, vasodilation

21
Q

T/F all 3 opioid receptors produce analgesia?

A

T

[note that mu and kappa receptors share similar effects like miosis, sedation, etc while the ONLY effect delta receptors have in common with the others is analgesia]

22
Q

what kind of nociceptor do prostaglandins act on?

A

silent nociceptor

23
Q

what kind of nociceptor does acid work on?

A

chemical nociceptor

24
Q

Once opioid G-protein is triggered what does it do?

A

On excitatory neurons: Inhibit neurotransmission by blocking Ca influx presynaptically and increasing K efflux postsynaptically

25
Q

What prevents respiratory depression?

A

intense pain

26
Q

How are opioid side effects prevented?

A

anti-emetics & laxatives

27
Q

What drug reverses opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

28
Q

What side effects do not become tolerant to opioids?

A

GI, ocular

29
Q

Why is there no max dose of opioids?

A

tolerance to respiratory depression

30
Q

Can a non-addicted person go thru withdrawal?

A

yes (they had physical but not psych dependence)

31
Q

what does withdrawal look like?

A

sweaty, fast heart/BP, pain & can’t sleep, squirting out both ends of GI tract

32
Q

physical dependence is defined how?

A

withdrawal symptoms

[note: develops along w/ tolerance!!]

33
Q

psych dependence is related to what neuro circuit?

A

mesolimbic dopamine

34
Q

T/F addiction to acutely used opiods is rare?

A

True

2 Pharm Unit (17 decks)

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