30. organization of aud. scene Flashcards

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1
Q

Auditory scene def?

A

All the sound entering the ears during the current interval of time

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2
Q

Auditory scene analysis def?

A
  • The process of extracting and GROUPING together frequencies
  • separating frqs from specific sources from the mixture of all frqs from all sources in the auditory scene
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3
Q

Auditory stream def?

A
  • An assortment of frequencies occurring over time
  • all emitted by the SAME SOUND SOURCE (or related sources)
  • seem to “go together”
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4
Q

Auditory stream segregation

A

The process of perceptual ORGANIZATION of the auditory scene into a set of distinct auditory streams

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5
Q

What are the 2 major categories of grouping?

A
  1. simultaneous grouping
  2. sequential grouping
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6
Q

Simultaneous grouping def? What are the 2 subdivisions??

A
  • ways to group sounds that occur simultaneously
  • based on a short, given interval of time
  1. harmonic coherence
  2. synchrony (or asynchrony)
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7
Q

Harmonic coherence def?

A
  • all multiples of a fundamental frq are perceived as a single auditory stream
  • if one of the harmonics is changed to a NON-harmonic tone, it is perceived as a DIFF. auditory stream
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8
Q

Synchrony (or asynchrony) def? Example with harmonics?

Which visual grouping principle is it similar to?

A
  • frqs with synchronous onset, changes, and offsets are perceived as a single auditory stream
  • if harmonics 1,3,5 start/end before harmonics 2,4, they will be perceived as DIFF auditory streams, even while they’re overlapping
  • if frqs have sync. onset, but some change and others don’t, they’ll be perceived as diff streams as well
  • similar to the visual principle of COMMON FATE / common motion
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9
Q

Sequential grouping def? What are the 2 subdivisions?

A
  • ways to group sounds that occur at different times (rather than simultaneously)
  • grouping sequentially, over a period of time (not an instant)
  1. frequency similarity
  2. temporal proximity
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10
Q

Frequency similarity def?

A
  • group by frqs that are close / near to each other
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11
Q

Frequency similarity - 2 examples from class?

A
  1. single, galloping stream vs 2 diff streams
  2. flanker and captor tones
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12
Q

Explain the galloping stream example

A
  • in both scenarios, the rhythm was the same. A & B are similar frqs, A & C are farther apart
  • you perceive a single stream that is “galloping” when they’re close
    –> ABA, ABA, ABA…
  • you perceive 2 streams when they’re far
    –> CCC
    AAAAAA
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13
Q

Explain the flanker and captor tones example

A
  • determining the directional change of the isolated target tones is easy
  • flanker tones are distractors, add transitions and makes it hard to identify target
  • captor tones:
    –> pattern of tones at same frq as flanker
    –> “capture” the flanker
    –> perceive as a single auditory stream
  • once again, the target tones are isolated (separate stream), so its much easier with captor tones
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14
Q

Temporal proximity def? Example?

A
  • grouping is affected by how close the sounds are in time
  • A is high frq, B is low frq. They’re played alternatingly
  • if there’s a short time between them, you perceive 2 streams
  • if there’s a longer time between sounds, you perceive 1 stream that alternates/warbles
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15
Q

Perceptual completion of occluded sounds def?
What visual principle is this similar to?

A
  • auditory system assumes a sound that’s interrupted (but continues) as a single stream
  • similar to principle of good continuation

–> and interpolation (perceive missing edges/surfaces as continuing)

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