25. attention 2

Question 1

Visual search def?

Question 2

Feature search def? AKA? Example?

Question 3

Conjunction search def?

Question 4

How do feature and conjunction searches compare with number of items/distractors?

Question 5

Binding problem def?

Answer 5

The problem faced by the visual system of perceiving which visual features belong to the same object

Question 6

Feature integration theory (FIT) def?

Answer 6

• theory that scene perception takes place in two stages
• resolves the binding problem by proposing that attention is directed to one object at a time.

Question 7

2 stages of FIT? def of each?

Answer 7

1. pre-attentive
   –> “primatives” sensed, but not bound
2. focused attention
   –> attention binds object features together
   –> creates accurate mental representation

Question 8

FIT: “primatives” def? Ex?

Answer 8

• individual stimulus features
• patch of color, line segment, shape

Question 9

Illusory conjunctions def? Ex. from class?

Answer 9

• binding failure!
• incorrectly perceiving objects that consist of the features present in a scene, but in the wrong combinations
• Red X, green T, blue S

Question 10

Biased competition theory def?

Answer 10

The theory that the brain resolves the competition for neural representation by selectively attending to one object and representing the features of just that object

Question 11

Top-down attentional control def?

Answer 11

Deliberately paying attention to something in order to get information needed to achieve goals

Question 12

Bottom-up attentional control def?

Answer 12

• involuntary, unavoidable capture of attention by a salient (noticeable/important) perceptual stimulus
• aka “stimulus-driven”

Question 13

Abrupt onset meaning?

Answer 13

• new object appears
• captures attention very well, regardless of other distractor items
• hard to ignore

Question 14

Value-driven attentional capture def? Ex from class?

Answer 14

The capture of attention by the learned reward value of a stimulus

• red vs green circle distractors that were worth money

Question 15

Object-based attention def? Ex from class?

Answer 15

• Attentional selection of an entire object when attention is directed to part of the object
• rectangles with fixation point between them
• cue in one of the 4 corners
• all boxes are the same distance from cue & fixation point
• fastest at the same corner
• 2nd fastest at the other corner within the SAME rectangle (object)

Question 16

Brain areas involved in attentional control?

Answer 16

• frontal eye field
• posterior parietal cortex (PPC) !!!!

Question 17

Unilateral visual neglect? Damage to…?

Answer 17

• stroke patients, damage to PPC
• left side of space / visual field is neglected
• they can SEE it, but they can’t ATTEND to it