30 marker - Settlement Flashcards
what were the key groups involved in the settlement process
- Presbyterian scots
- the army
- Presbyterian parliament
- Independent parliament
scots agenda
unhappy with Parliaments failure to impose Presbyterian church - breached Solemn League
Pres Parliament agenda
majority
wants Pres Church to be imposed
disband the army
Indie Parliament agenda
minority
growing influence
wanted sectarianism - freedom of worship
Army agenda
under authority of parliament
independent
wanted arrears - wont disband
wanted indemnity
why was a settlement difficult to reach
Charles was unwilling to come to an agreement and cede power to anyone else. Aimed to pit the other groups against one another.
how could Charles be referred to as during this period
the immovable object
how long did the period last
1646-1649
What were the key agreements/ documents / manifestos
the Newcastle propositions
Heads of Proposals
the Representation
the Engagement
How was Parliament split
Presbyterian
Independent
How was the army split
Officers
Rank and File
How else might the Officers be referred to
Grandees
How else might the Rank and File be referred to
Agitators / Levellers
When and where were the Newcastle Propositions
1646 - Newcastle - Charles was in Edinburgh
What were the terms of the Newcastle Propositions
- Presbyterian Church
- Abolish Episcopacy
- Parliament control army - 20 years - direct war in Ireland
- Anti-Catholic laws
- Cavaliers punished
What were the aims of the Newcastle Propositions
if terms met = Charles re-established as monarch
What was Charles’ reaction to the Newcastle Propositions
Evaded - no response
Why was Charles evasive (NP)
- wife - foreign aid
- No episcopacy undermines power
Who pressured Charles (NP)
Scots - used committee of Estates
When did Charles respond to the NP - how late
1647 - 11 months
why did Charles accept NP 11 months later
to appease Presbyterians and Scots - Bargaining chip
- four bills
why were the 4 bills scrapped
- Engagement = Vote of no Addresses (1648)
When were the Heads of Proposals - who proposed
1647
Fairfax / Ireton
What were the Heads of Proposals
king kidnapped
army want a say
terms of the Heads of Proposals
- Episcopacy remain - no civil authority
- Repeal Covenant / church reform
- current Parliament dissolve - called every 2 years
- council of state for FP
- Act of Indemnity
What was Charles’ reaction HP
outright rejected
what happened during Charles’ rejection of HP
Agitators in the army disrupted
- representation
- 11 members
- Putney Debates (1647)
when / what was the representation
1647
- agitators influenced by Levellers called for biennial elections and universal (male) suffrage and freedom of faith
when / what was the 11 members
army forces out 11 Prominent Presbyterian MPs that they believe are slowing down the settlement process
when / what was the Putney debates
Grandees vs Agitators debated suffrage faith and how a real settlement should be achieved
Putney Debate key figure
Rainsborough
RECAP MID POINT what happened so far (up to Heads of Proposals)
Charles in Captivity of Scots
NP
Charles abducted by divided army
HP
Charles escaped then held in Isle of Wight by army
When was the Engagement
December 1647
Terms of the Engagement
Pres Church 3 years
Confirm Solemn League
supress independents
Scottish Acts post 1644 ratified
What Charles wanted from E
Scottish military intervention, making him return to his throne
2nd Civil War Summary
- Poorly led engager army crushed by Cromwell at Preston
- Charles in the Hands of the army
- Treaty of Sterling
