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History - Stuarts > 20 marker - Civil War > Flashcards

20 marker - Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

what were the main factors that led to Parliaments victory in the ECW

A
  • parliament strengths = Royalist weakness
  • London
  • Solemn League
  • Leadership
  • Recruitment
  • NMA
  • resources
  • neutralism
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2
Q

what were Parliaments strengths

A
  • London
  • NMA
  • recruitment capabilities
  • providence
  • finance
  • Solemn League
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3
Q

why was London advantageous

A
  • 80% of factories
  • majority of the population
  • access to trained bands
  • Royal Navy
  • Morale boost
  • Finance
  • communication - printing presses
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4
Q

how was London economically advantageous

A
  • borrow from main banks
  • customs duties - port
  • workshops / factories
  • easier to tax
  • Sussex iron foundries
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5
Q

why was the NMA advantageous

A
  • better leadership
  • providence
  • NMA well equipped
  • United the army - organised
  • unparalleled skill
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6
Q

when was the NMA created

A

1645

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7
Q

what ordinance created the NMA

A

self-denying ordinance

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8
Q

what was the self-denying ordinance

A

a bill that said that no MP was able to lead the army - no Cromwell - meant leadership fell under Fairfax - well organised and easier to control and manouvre - improved upon Essex and Manchester’s unwillingness

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9
Q

How many men were in the NMA

A

10 cavalry regiments (600 each)
12 infantry regiments (1200 each)
1000 dragoons

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10
Q

What made the NMA different from the Cavaliers

A

Better organised and lacked nepotism
motivated by providence

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11
Q

Initially was Parliaments recruitment good

A

they managed to make up an army of loyal gentry members.
trained bands from London
most of the army were loyal
no cavalry

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12
Q

What was the Solemn League

A

an alliance with the Scottish Covenant

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13
Q

when was the Solemn League agreed upon

A

1643

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14
Q

why was the Solemn League signed

A

Rupert made gains in Bristol and Royalists had strongholds in Gloucester - pincer move on London near. Parliament feared they needed aid.

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15
Q

who organised the Solemn League

A

John Pym

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16
Q

what were the two main terms of the alliance

A
  • Scottish Forces aid the Parliamentarians
  • Parliament impose Presbyterianism as a state religion in England
17
Q

what were the main issues with the alliance

A

Presbyterianism - split Parliament - also army was increasingly sectarian and independent especially under Cromwell (NMA)

18
Q

What battle proved the Solemn League was a success

A

Marston Moor (1644)

19
Q

Marston Moor (1644)

A

Royalists = 18,000
Parliament combined force = 28,000
Parliament victory - decimated Royalists
crushing defeat near - prevented Rupert from relieving the siege of York.

20
Q

What were the Royalists main disadvantages

A
  • recourses
  • Leadership
  • support
  • Oxford
21
Q

How did the Royalists lack recourses

A
  • lack of London
  • lacked main financial aid
  • managed to get financial aid from landed gentry- Newcastle - Worcester
22
Q

what was Royalist leadership like

A
  • clear moral advantage - King
  • however generals promoted due to nepotism
  • not on skill but titles
  • some divisions
23
Q

what was Royalist support like

A

there was a lot of support for the Royalist cause - however they were all scattered across the country - unable to raise troops.
some supporters unwilling to fight

24
Q

what role did Oxford play

A

the main headquarters for the Royalist cause from 1642
insufficient compared to London
town was too full - poor sanitation - plague

25
Q

what role did neutralism play

A
  • clubmen - disruptive
  • Cheshire / Staffordshire demilitarised counties
  • peace petitions flooded Parliament
  • King was constantly pestered to reach a settlement (oxford negotiations 1643)
26
Q

Important battles

A

Edgehill
Marston Moor
Naseby
Newbury
Bristol
Hopton Heath

27
Q

Edgehill (+ importance)

A

Edgehill 1642
looted instead of heading to London - fortified
would of been decisive
poor leadership
unorganised

28
Q

Marston Moor (+importance)

A

Marston Moor 1644
largest battle
Essex / Manchester weak - indecisive - replaced by Fairfax and Cromwell
alliance with Scotland - outnumbered

29
Q

Naseby (+importance)

A

Naseby 1645
massive victory - practically won the war
better NMA cavalry
better providence

30
Q

Newbury (+importance)

A

1st = 1643
indecisive
2nd = 1644
indecisive - Parliament needed a reformed army
E/M unwilling = ordinances passed

31
Q

Siege of Bristol

A

1643
key port in Royalist hands - needed a port - lost London - success - in London’s hands until 1645

History - Stuarts (7 decks)

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