3: What makes public orgs distinct

Question 1

State owned enterprise

Answer 1

Hybrid organization that carries out public tasks but has businesslike characteristics.

They have more autonomy .

20% of the worlds stock market value

Common in China.

Question 2

Generic Tradition

Answer 2

Emphasizes commonalities among public and private organizations.

Question 3

Theorists who believed in generic tradition

Answer 3

Weber
Frederick Taylor, Scientific management
McGregor’s Theory Y
Hawthorne experiment 
Kurt Lewin
James Thompson

Question 4

Herbert Simon

Answer 4

Described political context of public organizations, but argued that they’re more similar to private than different.

Question 5

Haas, Hall, Johnson (1966)

Answer 5

An org’s tasks and functions have more influence on characteristics than whether they are public or private.

Question 6

Pugh, Hickson, Hinings

Answer 6

Classified 58 organizations, but found no major differences. Public orgs had more external control over personnel.

Question 7

Gray Sector Org

Answer 7

Hybrid-partially public, partially private

Question 8

Van Thiel and van de Wal (2010)

Answer 8

Call hybrid orgs Parapublic

Question 9

Hybrid orgs

Answer 9

Significant numbers in developed and emerging economies.

Examples are financing mortgages in student loans

Question 10

Agencies

Answer 10

Organizations that carry out public tasks and an arms length of the government in a relatively autonomous way

Question 11

Hybrid org definition

Answer 11

An entity created by government to address a specific public policy purpose it is owned in whole or in part by private individuals or corporations and generates revenue to cover operating costs

Question 12

Origin of hybrid organizations

Answer 12

Many Nordic countries have used hybrid agencies to carry out public tasks for centuries.

New public management reforms popularized them.

Question 13

United States Postal Service

Answer 13

Example of a hybrid organization. Has revenue, but must also provide universal service.

Question 14

Intellectual dangers

Rainey 2014

Answer 14

oversimplify
confuse
mislead
impede theory & research

Question 15

Max Weber

Answer 15

Did an analysis of bureaucratic organizations in public and private sectors

Question 16

Who applied scientific management to public organizations

Answer 16

Frederic Taylor

Question 17

Three examples of researchers who focused on social and psychological factors

Answer 17

Hawthorne studies
McGregor’s Theory Y
Kurt Lewin

Question 18

James Thompson believed that

Answer 18

Public and private orgs have more similarities than differences

Question 19

Herbert Simon assigned relative unimportance to

Answer 19

distinctiveness of public orgs

Question 20

Organizations become bureaucratic due to

Answer 20

Size–not whether they are public or private

Question 21

What influences an organization’s characteristics more than whether they are public or private?

Answer 21

Tasks and functions

Question 22

What influences employee satisfaction & motivation in all sectors?

Answer 22

Leadership practices

Question 23

An example of where governments depict higher degrees of control than private organizations

Answer 23

Personnel procedures

Pugh, Hickson and Hinings (1969)

Question 24

Who used the term parapublic sector?

Answer 24

Van Thiel and van de Wal

Question 25

Examples of hybrid orgs

Answer 25

USPS
National Park Service
Fannie Mae
Freddie Mac

Question 26

Agencies are autonomous organizations that…

Answer 26

Carry out public tasks

Question 27

Hybrids have

Answer 27

Same tasks
Less political influence
Greater autonomy
Are at arms length
Less permanent

Question 28

Two ways to control political economies

Answer 28

1. political hierarchies
2. economic markets

Dahl & Lindblom, 1953

Question 29

Polyarchy

Answer 29

Politically established hierarchy that controls economic activities

Question 30

Invisible Hand

Answer 30

Well functioning market that is at equilibrium

Question 31

Market failures

Answer 31

Markets allocation resources inefficiently and government intervention is required to improve social welfare.

Question 32

Monopsony

Answer 32

Dominant buyer in an exchange market that controls the market

Question 33

What is nonrival and nonexcludable

Answer 33

Public good

Question 34

Information asymmetry

Answer 34

lack of education, information to make individual choices

Question 35

Externalities can cause market inefficiency because

Answer 35

price of good or service does not reflect total societal costs or benefits

Question 36

Government seeks to correct these types of issues in the markets

Answer 36

monopolies
income redistribution
market fluctuations
functions too risky or expensive for private competitors

Question 37

Political rationales for government

Answer 37

law, justice, social organization

individual rights and freedoms

national security and stability

general prosperity

direction for nation and communities

Question 38

Political rationales for government

Answer 38

law, justice, social organization

individual rights and freedoms

national security and stability

general prosperity

direction for nation and communities

Question 39

Public organizations provide service based on

Answer 39

social values
public interest
political demands

Question 40

Public value

Mark Moore (1995)

Answer 40

public managers create public value when they produce outputs based on citizen desire

Question 41

Public Value Scorecard

Answer 41

adaptation of balanced scorecard

assessment tool to gauge efficiency and effectiveness

Question 42

Public value failure

Answer 42

Gap between citizen preferences and public policy

Question 43

Public value emerges from

Answer 43

production of outcomes and governmental activities

Accenture public sector value model, 2004

Question 44

Public value management

Answer 44

balancing democracy and effeciency